Solid–liquid extraction from plants — experimental kinetics and modelling

The chemical constituents of Pinus pinaster bark are studied, as a first step of a study devoted to its benefit. The analyzed samples showed an average content of 0.5% ash, 2.5% waxes (measured as the hexane and benzene soluble fractions), 39.3% of soluble materials in polar organic solvents, water and NaOH solutions, 28.9% polysaccharides (roughly half corresponding to cellulose), 29.6% Klason lignin, 59.7% aromatic content and 1.0% suberin. The fraction with potential utility, formed by formaldehyde-condensable polyphenols and polysaccharides, is over 60 weight percent of bark. The results are compared with those determined for other pine species.

Studies on the utilization of Pinus pinaster bark

Results are given of studies to determine the effects of temperature, time and alkali type and concentration on the yield of polyphenols from P. pinaster bark. (Refs. 28).

Studies on the utilization of Pinus pinaster bark. Part 2: Kinetics and yields of alkaline extractions

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Papers

Successive solid—liquid extraction. Constant diffusivity-spherical geometry

Solid-Liquid Extraction in Countercurrent Cascade with Retention of Liquid by the Solid Spherical Geometry Constant Diffusivity