This article proposes an approach to answering two questions: first, does investment in education help growth; second, does the allocation of investment in education matter? I develop a model where individual ability is heterogeneous and education both trains students and reveals their suitability for further training. I use UNESCO data on educational enrollments and spending to estimate the efficiency of existing educational allocations in a panel of countries. A cross-country growth decomposition regression shows that the correlation of human capital capital accumulation and GDP growth is not significant in countries with poor allocations but is significant and positive in countries with better allocations.

Economic Growth and Investment in Education: How Allocation Matters

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Revisiting Urban Planning in Latin America and the Caribbean

This article reports the results of a study of scholarly publishing in Spanish-speaking Latin America today. It draws on 230 surveys on journal publishing and nine journal publishing workshops, as well as on interviews and additional meetings conducted in 2007 and 2008 with a wide range of stakeholders in scholarly publishing (including editors, university publishers, and national science foundation directors) from 11 Latin American countries. The results suggest that the principal challenges faced by those involved in scholarly publishing in Latin America are establishing and maintaining the long-term sustainability of the journals, and achieving greater visibility for, and improving the quality of, published work, with an eye to increasing the contribution of these publications in ways that may yet be able to balance both regional and global interests.

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Visibility and Quality in Spanish-Language Latin American Scholarly Publishing

Traditions of writing research

This volume has explored wide-ranging issues in international higher education, from an analysis of concepts and strategies to internationalize higher education to internationalization in a broad array of contexts. In examining the emerging themes from these discussions, several are especially salient for the future. These issues include the concept of internationalization itself, the notion of global citizenship, varieties of global engagement, the impact of technology on internationalization (e.g., the notion of virtual mobility), new dimensions in study abroad, and the role of internationalization in the broader higher education field. These themes, which have been highlighted in other chapters in this volume, will provide the focus for the first part of this concluding chapter as keys—or bridges—to future developments in international higher education. This concluding chapter, together with Chapters 1 and 24 of this Handbook, intend to bring a comparative and comprehensive perspective to the rich analysis and information discussed in the other chapters. Given that the examples in this volume, through the inclusion of specific textboxes, are predominantly from Australia, Europe, and the United States, the second part of this chapter provides a summary of internationalization efforts in various countries and regions in other parts of the world: Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. Concluding this volume with voices from key regions/countries is a fitting way to look to the future. Through these discussions, trends, issues, and challenges emerge in the global view of international higher education. As discussed in the first section of this Handbook, the concept of internationalization has emerged initially from North American and European perspectives. In recent years, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom have contributed a more competitive perspective on international education. The developing countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America have traditionally played roles mainly as senders of students, recipients of capacitybuilding funds, and more recently as locations of franchise operations, branch campuses, and other 25

Maria Helenda De Magalhaes Castro

Papers

Higher Education in Latin American