This chapter discusses leading problems linked to energy that the world is now confronting and to propose some ideas concerning possible solutions. Oil deserves special attention among all energy sources. Since the beginning of 1981, it has merely been continuing and enhancing the downward movement in consumption and prices caused by excessive rises, especially for light crudes such as those from Africa, and the slowing down of worldwide economic growth. Densely-populated oil-producing countries need to produce to live, to pay for their food and their equipment. If the economic growth of the industrialized countries were to be 4%, even if investment in the rational use of energy were pushed to the limit and the development of nonpetroleum energy sources were also pursued actively, it would be extremely difficult to prevent a sharp rise in prices. It is evident that it is absolutely necessary to pursue actively the development of coal, natural gas, and nuclear power if a physical shortage of energy is not to block economic growth.

World energy outlook

A detailed review of the education sector in Australia as in the data provided by the 2006 edition of the OECD's annual publication, 'Education at a Glance' is presented. While the data has shown that in almost all OECD countries educational attainment levels are on the rise, with countries showing impressive gains in university qualifications, it also reveals that a large of share of young people still do not complete secondary school, which remains a baseline for successful entry into the labour market.

/pdf/education-at-a-glance-m5vl7o68j5.pdf

Education at a Glance

Transparent conductors as solar energy materials: A panoramic review

Heat is an environmental and occupational hazard. The prevention of deaths in the community caused by extreme high temperatures (heat waves) is now an issue of public health concern. The risk of heat-related mortality increases with natural aging, but persons with particular social and/or physical vulnerability are also at risk. Important differences in vulnerability exist between populations, depending on climate, culture, infrastructure (housing), and other factors. Public health measures include health promotion and heat wave warning systems, but the effectiveness of acute measures in response to heat waves has not yet been formally evaluated. Climate change will increase the frequency and the intensity of heat waves, and a range of measures, including improvements to housing, management of chronic diseases, and institutional care of the elderly and the vulnerable, will need to be developed to reduce health impacts.

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090843

Heat Stress and Public Health: A Critical Review

Cooling the cities – A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments

The effect of the london urban heat island on building summer cooling demand and night ventilation strategies

https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/8633/2/Fulltext.pdf

Urban heat island intensity in London: An investigation of the impact of physical characteristics on changes in outdoor air temperature during summer

https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/8632/4/Fulltext.pdf

Maria Kolokotroni

Papers

The effect of the london urban heat island on building summer cooling demand and night ventilation strategies

Urban heat island intensity in London: An investigation of the impact of physical characteristics on changes in outdoor air temperature during summer

London's urban heat island: Impact on current and future energy consumption in office buildings

Cooling-energy reduction in air-conditioned offices by using night ventilation

The London Heat Island and building cooling design