Showing papers by "Mária Kozlovská published in 2020"

Analysis of the Energy Balance of Constructions Based on Wood during Their Use in Connection with CO2 Emissions

Abstract: In the construction industry, it is the material production phase and the use phase of buildings’ life cycles that represent the greatest environmental burden. The presented research focused on wood constructions during their use phase. The primary objective of the research was to determine the amount of CO2 produced during the operation of specific wood constructions in connection with the energy demand for their heating. A correlation analysis of selected parameters revealed a statistically significant correlation between heating medium type and energy demand for heating (p = −0.5773) and between heating medium type and amount of CO2 produced (p = 0.4796). A more detailed analysis showed that, in terms of the average energy demand for heating, the column constructions were the most efficient among the compared construction systems, regardless of the energy standard. Similar findings were obtained for annual CO2 production in connection with the average energy demand for heating. The only difference was that the panel and log constructions exhibited almost identical parameters, which came as a surprise to some extent. The column constructions turned out to be the most efficient again, regardless of their energy standard. The analysis that focused on the heating medium type revealed statistically significant differences among the heating medium types in energy demand for heating (p < 0.0001). The constructions that used electricity for heating were the most energy-efficient. When the individual characteristics of the different heating media in relation to CO2 production were taken into account, the constructions that were heated using biomass were the least polluting. The constructions heated using electricity and gas showed a significantly greater deviation.

Comparison of Laboratory and Computational Models of Selected Thermal-Technical Properties of Constructions Systems Based on Wood

Abstract: Energy-efficient buildings, sustainable buildings, smart buildings, nearly zero-energy buildings, passive and active buildings are construction concepts widely recognised as setting the latest trends. The purpose of their design is to create an optimal thermal microclimate by means of heat flows that are either formed within it or enter into it. This research paper presents an analysis of the measurements of the density of heat flows, their spread in building constructions, all of which is examined in laboratory conditions and confronted with calculation models. The hypothesis of this research is to confirm or refute whether the computational models match the laboratory simulations in terms of thermal-technical parameters. The research uses a methodology designed for examining building constructions under virtually stable conditions. Two variants of external sandwich walls based on prefab cross laminated timber panels (variant A) and structural insulated panel (variant B) were proposed as the subject of the study. Both variants were subjected to research in laboratory conditions and computational simulations. For the sake of comparison, the calculation simulations that manufacturers of wood construction systems typically declare were also performed. The results of the analyses show significant differences between the theoretical or declared parameters and the values measured in laboratory conditions (7.5–32.6%). The deviations of the experimental measurements from the calculated or declared parameters were not as significant for variant A as they were for variant B. These findings show that for these analysed sandwich structures based on wood, it is not always possible to reliably declare calculated values of thermal-technical parameters. The publication is also a contribution to the current needs in the field of heating technology in terms of sustainability and the quality of internal environments.

Analysis of the Characteristics of External Walls of Wooden Prefab Cross Laminated Timber

Abstract: A balanced combination of heat flows creates suitable conditions for thermal comfort—a factor contributing to the quality of the internal environment of buildings. The presented analysis of selected thermal-technical parameters is up-to-date and suitable for verifying the parameters of building constructions. The research also applied a methodology for examining the acoustic parameters of structural parts of buildings in laboratory conditions. In this research, selected variant solutions of perimeter walls based on prefab cross laminated timber were investigated in terms of acoustic and thermal-technical properties. The variants structures were investigated in laboratory but also in model conditions. The results of the analyses show significant differences between the theoretical or declared parameters and the values measured in laboratory conditions. The deviations of experimental measurements from the calculated or declared parameters were not as significant for variant B as they were for variant A. These findings show that for these analyzed sandwich structures based on wood, it is not always possible to reliably declare calculated values of thermal-technical and acoustic parameters. It is necessary to thoroughly examine such design variants, which would contribute to the knowledge in this field of research of construction systems based on wood.

Elements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the Production of Wood Buildings

Abstract: We are on the threshold of a technological revolution that fundamentally changes the way we live, work and communicate with each other. To some extent, scale and complexity, this transformation will be as fundamental to humanity as no other technological change in the past. We do not know how it will evolve, but one thing is clear: the response to it must be integrated and comprehensive, involving all stakeholders on a global basis, from the public to the private sector, to the academic community and to civil society. In the context of sustainable and efficient construction, traditional material bases such as wood are becoming increasingly prevalent and implemented in modern design processes and design solutions. The great potential of this building material is achieved due to developments in production as well as the actual construction of timber buildings. Possible ways of production and construction of wooden buildings are diverse. Especially through prefabricated and solid wood products, which are also cross-glued laminated timber products, modern timber construction represents an interesting and sustainable construction technology. The aim of this paper is to define the basic aspects of industrial building industry in the context of new trends and to introduce the possibilities of implementation of elements of industry 4.0 in the field of wood-based construction.

Green and energy efficient solutions in the construction industry

Abstract: Ecology and environmental protection have been discussed more and more in the last few years. This trend was also affected by the construction and architecture department. Concepts such as green building, environmentally friendly materials, alternative energy sources and energy-efficient construction systems of buildings are depressed. All of this comes under the name "Green Buildings". Wood-based construction and material solutions are a response to these trends. Investors and users are gradually starting to think more environmentally friendly and therefore many times also make decisions for wood-based constructions. There are several systems that fall into the category of so-called crushed buildings. The aim of this work is to provide a look at the "greener" options offered in the construction industry with an emphasis on their energy and thermal characteristics. The subject of the research was selected structural parts of timber-based buildings applied to model constructions by means of which selected thermal-technical characteristics were evaluated. This work points out the differences between the compared design variants of wooden buildings in terms of their ability to effectively save energy sources for heating inserted during the operation of wood-based buildings.

Use of a 3D scanner technology to create an information model of historic buildings - a case study

Abstract: Digitization in construction has become increasingly important in recent years. Digital technologies are a way to facilitate some activities and thus save time and money on construction projects. Creating an information model of an existing building can be relatively time-consuming. The 3D scanner allows you to perform personal tasks with time savings, which is very important when managing construction projects. Digital technologies are also an effective tool for these activities. This research discusses the issue of 3D scanning of a historical building for real state surveying purposes. In this case study, the subject of the study was the chapel of St. Rosalie in Kosice. The aim of the research was to describe the course of digitization in the building in question, i.e. the creation of an information model of the building. At the same time point out the possibilities and limitations of a 3D scanner on this specific construction.

Analyses of selected thermal-technical parameters of an innovative construction board with built-in infrared heating

Abstract: The purpose of innovations is to increase the efficiency of work procedures, accommodating sustainability and efficiency trends. One of the preconditions of technological innovations is development of construction products. A prefabricated board with built-in infrared heating is an innovative product which reduces labour intensity at the construction site by featuring a heating system that is built directly into the construction board, which begins to perform its function immediately after it is built in. This article presents certain partial results of the research and development of an innovative board with built-in infrared heating, which is currently protected by a valid utility model. Nine material variants of the innovative board were analysed as part of the experimental research. The research focused on the pattern of changes in surface temperature over time. The results of the experiment, despite deviations from the anticipated behaviour of the individual boards, showed a link between thermal resistance and increase in surface temperature.