The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

Thank you for reading principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.

Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Control of spontaneously emitted light lies at the heart of quantum optics. It is essential for diverse applications ranging from miniature lasers and light-emitting diodes, to single-photon sources for quantum information, and to solar energy harvesting. To explore such new quantum optics applications, a suitably tailored dielectric environment is required in which the vacuum fluctuations that control spontaneous emission can be manipulated. Photonic crystals provide such an environment: they strongly modify the vacuum fluctuations, causing the decay of emitted light to be accelerated or slowed down, to reveal unusual statistics, or to be completely inhibited in the ideal case of a photonic bandgap. Here we study spontaneous emission from semiconductor quantum dots embedded in inverse opal photonic crystals. We show that the spectral distribution and time-dependent decay of light emitted from excitons confined in the quantum dots are controlled by the host photonic crystal. Modified emission is observed over large frequency bandwidths of 10%, orders of magnitude larger than reported for resonant optical microcavities. Both inhibited and enhanced decay rates are observed depending on the optical emission frequency, and they are controlled by the crystals’ lattice parameter. Our experimental results provide a basis for all-solid-state dynamic control
of optical quantum systems.

Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals

In order to enable optical systems to operate with a high degree of compactness and reliability it is necessary to combine large number of optical functions in small monolithic structures. A development, somewhat reminiscent of that that took place in Integrated Electronics, is now beginning to take place in optics. The initial challenge in this emerging field, known appropriately as "Integrated Optics", is to demonstrate the possibility of performing basic optical functions such as light generation, coupling, modulation, and guiding in Integrated Optical configurations. The talk will review the main theoretical and experimental developments to date in Integrated Optics. Specific topics to be discussed include: Material considerations, guiding mechanisms, modulation, coupling and mode losses. The fabrication and applications of periodic thin film structures will be discussed.

Integrated optics

To support bursty traffic on the Internet (and especially WWW) efficiently, optical burst switching (OBS) is proposed as a way to streamline both protocols and hardware in building the future gener...

Optical burst switching (OBS) - a new paradigm for an optical Internet

It is known that a dielectric waveguide with semiconductor cladding exhibits a maximum attenuation of a given polarisation of light when the cladding thickness corresponds to the cut-off of any guided mode of the same polarisation that the semiconductor layer supports itself. In this paper mode cut-off conditions in the semiconductor layer are analysed and analytic expressions for the layer cut-off thicknesses are developed. The results show good accuracy when compared with more sophisticated numerical analysis techniques consuming a large amount of computer time. Design curves for silicon-clad polarisers on Ti: LiNbO3 and glass waveguides are developed from the presented theory.

Analysis of lossy mode cut-off conditions in planar waveguides with semiconductor guiding layer

We study the plane wave scattering and absorption by a flat grating of thin silver nanostrips located in free space, in the visible-light range. The formulation involves generalized boundary conditions imposed on the strip median lines. We use an accurate numerical solution to this problem based on the dual-series equations and the method of analytical regularization. This guarantees fast convergence and controlled accuracy of computations. Reflectance, transmittance, and absorbance as a function of the wavelength and the grating parameters are analyzed. In addition to well-known surface-plasmon resonances, sharp resonances are revealed in the H-polarized scattering near but not equal to the Rayleigh wavelengths of nonzero diffraction orders; in the E-polarized scattering these resonances are not visible. Asymptotic formulas for the frequencies and natural fields of the grating resonances are presented.

Accurate Analysis of Light Scattering and Absorption by an Infinite Flat Grating of Thin Silver Nanostrips in Free Space Using the Method of Analytical Regularization

We consider the two-dimensional (2-D) scattering of the H- and E-polarized plane waves by several discrete configurations made of M> > 1 periodically arranged circular cylindrical silver wires. To find the scattered field, we use the field Fourier expansions in local coordinates and addition theorems for cylindrical functions. Resulting M × M block-type matrix equation is cast to the Fredholm second-kind form that guarantees convergence of numerical solution when each block is truncated to finite dimensions and truncation order is taken larger. The scattering and absorption cross-sections and the near-field patterns are computed. The interplay of plasmon and grating-type resonances is studied for finite in-line and stacked arrays, corners, and crosses made of nano-size silver wires in the visible range of wavelengths, with the refractive index of silver taken from the experimental data.

Effect of Periodicity in the Resonant Scattering of Light by Finite Sparse Configurations of Many Silver Nanowires

Basics.- to Photonic Crystals and Photonic Band-Gaps.- Physics of Slow Bloch Modes and Their Applications.- Nonlinear Optics in Photonic Crystals.- Quasi Phase Matching in Two-Dimensional Quadratic Nonlinear Photonic Crystals.- Harmonic Generation in Nanostructures: Metal Nanoparticles and Photonic Crystals.- Ultra-fast Optical Reconfiguration via Nonlinear Effects in Semiconductor Photonic Crystals.- Nonlinear Optics with Photonic-Crystal Fibres.- Technology, Integration an Active Photonic Crystals.- Photonic Crystal and Photonic Band-Gap Structures for Light Extraction and Emission Control.- Silicon-Based Photonic Crystals and Nanowires.- Characterisation and Measurements of Nanostructures.- Near Infrared Optical Characterization Techniques for Photonic Crystals.- Characterization Techniques for Planar Optical Microresonators.- On SNOM Resolution Improvement.- Simulation Techniques.- Photonic Crystals: Simulation Successes and some Remaining Challenges.- Plane-Wave Admittance Method and its Applications to Modelling Photonic Crystal Structures.

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Photonic Crystals: Physics and Technology

This paper focuses on the use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in civil engineering. Open issues in this field are identified and desirable advances in GPR technology, application procedures, data processing algorithms and analysis tools, are addressed. European associations, institutes and consortia interested in this topic are mentioned, together with the main relevant international events. The new COST (European COoperation in Science and Technology) Action TU1208 “Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar” is presented, started in April 2013: this interdisciplinary project offers important research opportunities and will strengthen European excellence in all the fields concerning the success of GPR technique, with a main focus on its applications in civil engineering. Four Working Groups (WGs) carry out the research activities: WGI focuses on the design of innovative GPR equipment, on the building of prototypes, as well as on the testing and optimization of new systems; WG2 focuses on the GPR surveying of pavement, bridges, tunnels and buildings, as well as on the sensing of underground utilities and voids; WG3 deals with the development of electromagnetic forward and inverse scattering methods and of advanced data processing algorithms; WG4 explores the use of GPR in fields different from civil engineering and the integration of GPR with other nondestructive testing techniques. The COST Action TU1208 is still open to the participation of new parties: in this paper, information is provided for scientists and scientific institutions willing to join the Action and participate to its activities.

Marian Marciniak

Papers

Analysis of lossy mode cut-off conditions in planar waveguides with semiconductor guiding layer

Accurate Analysis of Light Scattering and Absorption by an Infinite Flat Grating of Thin Silver Nanostrips in Free Space Using the Method of Analytical Regularization

Effect of Periodicity in the Resonant Scattering of Light by Finite Sparse Configurations of Many Silver Nanowires

Photonic Crystals: Physics and Technology

Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar in civil engineering — COST action TU1208