The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Control of spontaneously emitted light lies at the heart of quantum optics. It is essential for diverse applications ranging from miniature lasers and light-emitting diodes, to single-photon sources for quantum information, and to solar energy harvesting. To explore such new quantum optics applications, a suitably tailored dielectric environment is required in which the vacuum fluctuations that control spontaneous emission can be manipulated. Photonic crystals provide such an environment: they strongly modify the vacuum fluctuations, causing the decay of emitted light to be accelerated or slowed down, to reveal unusual statistics, or to be completely inhibited in the ideal case of a photonic bandgap. Here we study spontaneous emission from semiconductor quantum dots embedded in inverse opal photonic crystals. We show that the spectral distribution and time-dependent decay of light emitted from excitons confined in the quantum dots are controlled by the host photonic crystal. Modified emission is observed over large frequency bandwidths of 10%, orders of magnitude larger than reported for resonant optical microcavities. Both inhibited and enhanced decay rates are observed depending on the optical emission frequency, and they are controlled by the crystals’ lattice parameter. Our experimental results provide a basis for all-solid-state dynamic control
of optical quantum systems.

Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals

In order to enable optical systems to operate with a high degree of compactness and reliability it is necessary to combine large number of optical functions in small monolithic structures. A development, somewhat reminiscent of that that took place in Integrated Electronics, is now beginning to take place in optics. The initial challenge in this emerging field, known appropriately as "Integrated Optics", is to demonstrate the possibility of performing basic optical functions such as light generation, coupling, modulation, and guiding in Integrated Optical configurations. The talk will review the main theoretical and experimental developments to date in Integrated Optics. Specific topics to be discussed include: Material considerations, guiding mechanisms, modulation, coupling and mode losses. The fabrication and applications of periodic thin film structures will be discussed.

Integrated optics

To support bursty traffic on the Internet (and especially WWW) efficiently, optical burst switching (OBS) is proposed as a way to streamline both protocols and hardware in building the future gener...

Optical burst switching (OBS) - a new paradigm for an optical Internet

The paper addresses the problem of providing QoS management for an optical packet switch. In particular, we propose the simple prioritized buffering algorithm (SPBA) for prioritized buffer management, which aims to guarantee different packet loss probabilities to different packet streams. In contrast to other solutions, SPBA does not need any resource reservation or threshold dropping, but only makes use of priority scheduling. A theoretical model of SPBA with K classes of service applied to an optical packet switch with fiber-delay line buffers and tunable wavelength converters is presented. The analytical model is verified by simulations.

Performance analysis of the simple prioritized buffering algorithm in optical packet switch for DiffServ assured forwarding

This paper addresses the problem of routing optimization in optical burst switching (OBS) networks. We use a simplified anlytical model of OBS network with an overall burst loss probability as the primary metric of interest. Since the abjective function of optimization problem is nonlinear we propose two solutions based on a non-reduced link load (NR-LL) model and a reduced link load (R-LL) model. In order to find partial derivatives of the cost function we apply a calculation considered previously for circuit-switched networks. We derive exact partial derivatives of NR-LL model and we approximate the parial derivatives of R-LL model. Simulation results demonstrate that our solutions effectively reduce the overall burst loss probability over the shortest path routing. Moreover, in many cases. they over-perform an alternative routing.

/pdf/routing-optimization-in-optical-burst-switching-networks-32ny2guk9p.pdf

Routing optimization in optical burst switching networks

The enhancement of air-ground electromagnetic matching by means of a chirped multilayer structure is investigated. The modeling and simulation of the considered structure are performed by using the method of single expression (MSE), which is a convenient and accurate tool for wavelengthscale simulations of multilayers comprising lossy, amplifying or nonlinear (Kerr-type) materials. Numerical results show that a suitable chirped multilayer structure can reduce the reflection from the ground. Different values of the number of layers and of the layer thicknesses are considered. The distributions of the electric field components and the power flow density within the modelled structures are calculated. Keywords—chirped multilayer structure, ground matching, method of single expression.

/pdf/enhancement-of-air-ground-matching-by-means-of-a-chirped-18nepdbvja.pdf

Enhancement of Air-ground Matching by Means of a Chirped Multilayer Structure: Electromagnetic Modeling with the Method of Single Expression

An analysis of optical field localisation in linear and non-linear (intensity dependent) Kretschmann structure at plasmonic resonance is performed by the method of single expression. Along with the angular dependences of the reflectance, the transmittance and the absorptance of the structure, the distributions of electric and magnetic fields' amplitudes and power flow density along the structure are obtained. Inclusion of a non-linearity in a cladding dielectric medium causes the shift of the incident wave angle of surface plasmon excitation and bistable behaviour of the angular dependence of the reflectance.

Marian Marciniak

Papers

Performance analysis of the simple prioritized buffering algorithm in optical packet switch for DiffServ assured forwarding

Routing optimization in optical burst switching networks

Enhancement of Air-ground Matching by Means of a Chirped Multilayer Structure: Electromagnetic Modeling with the Method of Single Expression

Wavelength-scale analysis of optical field localisation at plasmonic resonance in non-linear Kretschmann structure by the method of single expression

Optical gain in one-dimensional photonic band gap structures with n-i-p-i crystal layers