A new voltammetric sensor is proposed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR) and levofloxacin (LEV), using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), carbon black (CB), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The modification of the electrode surface was performed by drop-casting dispersion. Morphological characterization of the AgNPs-CB-PEDOT:PSS film was performed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical behaviors of PAR and LEV were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in a potential range from 0 to 1.2 V, at a scan rate of 0.05 V s −1 . Two oxidation peaks were observed during the anodic potential scanning, at potentials of 0.45 (PAR) and 1.0 V (LEV). Compared to the bare GCE, the anodic peak currents (i pa ) obtained using the AgNPs-CB-PEDOT:PSS/GCE sensor were higher by factors of 5.7 (PAR) and 12 (LEV). The electrochemical determination by square wave voltammetry provided linear concentration ranges of 6.2 × 10 −7 to 7.1 × 10 −6  mol L −1 (PAR) and 6.7 × 10 −7 to 1.2 × 10 −5  mol L −1 (LEV), with detection limits of 1.2 × 10 −8 and 1.4 × 10 −8  mol L −1 for PAR and LEV, respectively. The AgNPs-CB-PEDOT:PSS/GCE sensor showed good stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, and no interference in the electrochemical determination of PAR and LEV in the presence of other compounds. The proposed method was successfully applied using synthetic urine and river water samples, with recoveries close to 100%.

Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and levofloxacin using a glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon black, silver nanoparticles and PEDOT:PSS film

An electrochemical sensor based on electro-polymerization of caffeic acid and Zn/Ni-ZIF-8–800 on glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive detection of acetaminophen

An efficient method is reported, for the fabrication of composite microfibers that can be magnetically actuated and are biocompatible, targeting controlled drug release. Aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol, incorporated with citric acid-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), are subject to infusion gyration to generate 100–300 nm diameter composite fibers, with controllable MNP loading. The fibers are stable in polar solvents, such as ethanol, and do not show any leaching of MNPs for over 4 weeks. Using acetaminophen as an example, we demonstrate that this material is effective in immobilization and triggered release of drugs, which is achieved by a moving external magnetic field. The remote actuation ability, coupled with biocompatibility and lightweight property, renders enormous potential for these fibers to be used as a smart drug release agent.

Polymer-Magnetic Composite Fibers for Remote-Controlled Drug Release.

Introducing a novel nanocomposite consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon nano-onions and gold nanoparticles for the electrochemical sensor to measure acetaminophen

Designing an electrochemical sensor which is simple, cheap, sensitive, fast, and accurate is inevitable, as it is important in drug quality control, point-of-care diagnosis, and other clinical studies. Sensors for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, tryptophan, and caffeine have not been reported so far, and we report an electrochemical sensor via incorporating tin sulfide (SnS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) on graphene oxide (GO) sheets (SnS/TiO2@GO ternary composite) for their separate and simultaneous determination through cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The surface morphology and structural properties of the composite were characterized by analytical techniques. The electrochemical study of SnS/TiO2@GO composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GC-SnS/TiO2@GO) showed high activity toward the oxidation of paracetamol, tryptophan, and caffeine with significant decrease in overpotential due to large surface and high carrier mobility. The peak currents during separa...

Fabrication of SnS/TiO2@GO Composite Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Concomitant Determination of Paracetamol, Tryptophan, and Caffeine in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Marija Glavanović

Papers

Simultaneous quantitative determination of paracetamol and tramadol in tablet formulation using UV spectrophotometry and chemometric methods