The classification of malocclusion

Mouth breathing in allergic children: Its relationship to dentofacial development

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a concordância interobservador da avaliacao postural visual e por fotogrametria e verificar se os resultados quantitativos da fotogrametria correspondem a deteccao de simetrias e assimetrias pela avaliacao postural visual qualitativa. METODOS: Vinte e um voluntarios (24±1,9 anos) foram inicialmente avaliados visualmente por tres fisioterapeutas experientes que preencheram um protocolo de avaliacao postural. Em seguida tiveram fotografados a face e o corpo todo nos planos frontal anterior, posterior e sagital. As fotos foram utilizadas para tracar ângulos a partir de marcadores fixados a pele, em varios pontos anatomicos, que sao referencias frequentes na avaliacao postural tradicional. Essas fotografias foram analisadas por tres examinadores diferentes da avaliacao postural visual. A concordância de cada metodo de avaliacao postural foi avaliada pelos Coeficientes de Cramer V ou de PHI, considerando-se um nivel de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada uma concordância entre os examinadores que utilizaram a fotogrametria para todos os segmentos avaliados. Nao apresentaram concordância os segmentos comissura labial (p=0,00), acromio clavicular (p=0,01), esternoclavicular (p=0,00), espinhas iliacas anterior e posterior (p=0,00 e p=0,01) e ângulo inferior da escapula (p=0,00), que foram analizados por meio da avaliacao postural visual. A comparacao entre a fotogrametria e a avaliacao postural visual demonstrou que o grau de concordância entre os dois metodos de avaliacao foi pouco significativo para alguns segmentos do membro inferior e pelve. CONCLUSOES: Nessas condicoes experimentais, os dados da fotogrametria nao podem ser correlacionados com os dados da avaliacao postural visual. A avaliacao postural visual apresentou dados menos concordantes do que a fotogrametria, devendo ser questionada sua utilizacao como gold-standart.

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Análise comparativa entre avaliação postural visual e por fotogrametria computadorizada

The book starts with an introduction to clinical examination and practice management, and scheduling that sets, in part, the tone for the following chapters. This book is very much the outcome of M...

Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.

The aim of this systematic review was to provide comprehensive access to and an analysis of the specialist literature published through December 2005 describing a correlation between orthopedic (leg-length inequality, pelvis obliquity, column diseases and head posture) and dental findings (occlusion, mandibular position, temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles). Four medical and dental internet sources (PubMed; Medpilot.de; databases of the Deutsche Arzte-Verlag and Quintessenz-Verlag) were screened for relevant articles using carefully selected retrieval strategies and keywords. Bibliographies of relevant articles were examined for further pertinent publications. All relevant articles were tabulated according to their year of publication, the subject area discussed, and the levels of scientific evidence. Our electronic inquiry yielded 359 relevant articles (electronic search: 195, search in bibliographies: 164), 355 of which could be analyzed. A correlation between dental findings and spinal column diseases was described in 266 articles, head posture in 216, pelvis obliquity in 53, and leg-length inequality in 35 papers. In 131 publications, conclusions were drawn from dental to orthopedic findings, whereas they were drawn from orthopedic to dental findings in 171 articles. The number of relevant articles rose significantly, particularly since the 1980’s. Classification in levels of evidence reveals three publications (0.8%) with level II (randomized controlled trials), 63 (17.7%) with level III (experimental studies with no randomization, cohort studies, or case-control studies), 178 (50.1%) with level IV (non-experimental studies, such as cross-sectional trials, case series, case reports), and 111 (31.3%) with level V (narrative review or expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal). 1) While there is great interest in possible correlations between orthopedic and dental findings in the specialist literature, most publications fail to provide the hard facts and solid evidence characteristic of high-quality research. 2) This literature analysis attests to the importance of searching electronic databases while making the inherent weaknesses of such searches obvious. Manual literature searches remain essential.

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Association between orthopedic and dental findings: what level of evidence is available?

Introduction  Maximum bite force (MBF) is the maximum force performed by the subject on the fragmentation of food, directly related with the mastication and determined by many factors. Objective  Analyze the MBF of subjects according to age groups. Methods  One hundred individuals from the city of Sao Paulo were equally divided according to age groups and gender. Each individual submitted to a myotherapy evaluation composed of anthropometric measurements of height and weight to obtain body mass index (BMI), using a tape and a digital scale (Magna, G-life, Sao Paulo), and a dental condition and maximum bite force evaluation, using a digital dynamometer model DDK/M (Kratos, Sao Paulo, Brazil), on Newton scale. The dental and bite force evaluations were monitored by a professional from the area. Analysis of variance was used with MBF as a dependent variable, age group and gender as random factors, and BMI as a control variable. Results  Till the end of adolescence, it was possible to observe a decrease in MBF in both sexes, with the male force greater than the female force. In young adults, the female force became greater the males, then decreased in adulthood. There was no correlation between MBF and BMI. Conclusion  There are MBF variations that characterizes the human development stages, according to age groups.

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Maximum Bite Force Analysis in Different Age Groups

A respiracao e responsavel pelo desenvolvimento da morfologia crânio facial. OBJETIVO: verificar a existencia de relacao entre respiracao oral e tipo facial. MATERIAL E METODO: 119 adolescentes dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idade entre 15 e 18 anos. A amostra foi separada em dois grupos: A-50 adolescentes respiradores orais sendo 28 do sexo masculino e 22 feminino e o grupo B- 69 adolescentes respiradores nasais sendo 37 do sexo masculino e 32 feminino. A amostra foi coletada no Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente do Departamento de Pediatria da UNIFESP/ EPM. Foram realizadas avaliacao da respiracao e das medidas faciais. RESULTADOS: atraves do emprego de indices antropometricos foram classificados os tipos faciais e relacionados com o modo respiratorio, Hipereuriprosopo (Total=0; respiradores orais 0%; respiradores nasais 0%; Euriprosopo (Total=14; respiradores orais 2.52%, respiradores nasais 9.24%;Mesoprosopo (Total=20; respiradores orais 19.32%; respiradores nasais 21.01%, Leptoprosopo (Total=37; respiradores orais 14.29%; respiradores nasais 16.81%; Hiperleptoprosopo (Total =48; respiradores orais 5.89% respiradores nasais 10.92%). O tipo facial mesoprosopo foi encontrado em 48 adolescentes (40.33%) dos quais 25 (21.01%) eram respiradores orais e 23 (19.32%) eram respiradores nasais. CONCLUSAO: nao foi possivel comprovar existencia de uma relacao entre a respiracao oral e o tipo facial.

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Estudo da relação entre a respiração oral e o tipo facial

PURPOSE: To investigate the existence of a relationship between facial type and dental occlusion in oral breathing adolescents. METHODS: Forty adolescents, 25 (62.50%) boys and 15 (37. 50%) girls, with ages between 13 and 16 years and otorhinolaryngological diagnosis of oral breathing, were assessed. All subjects were submitted to an anamnesis and a Clinical Exam carried out by a speech pathologist, which consisted of facial and dental occlusion evaluation. RESULTS: The most common results observed were: hyperleptoprosopic facial type in 25 (62.50%) adolescents, the Class II first division malocclusion in 22 (70.97%), normal anterior overbite in 26 (65.00%), normal posterior overbite in 32 (80.00%) and normal anterior and posterior overjet in 28 (70.00%) adolescents. In the hyperleptoprosopic facial type, top anterior overbite was observed in 06 (42.86%) and the top posterior overbite in 05 (62.50%) adolescents. Abnormal anterior overjet was observed in 04 (33.33%), the top posterior overjet and cross-bite in 05 (41.67%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to prove the existence of a relationship between facial type and dental occlusion. The most frequently observed facial type was hyperleptoprosopic. The Class II first division was the most frequently observed malocclusion. The study of overjet and overbite showed a larger number of normal cases.

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Respiração oral: relação entre o tipo facial e a oclusão dentária em adolescentes

Summary Breathing is responsible for facial and cranial morphology development. Aim investigate in order to see if there is any relationship between oral breathing and facial type. Material and Methods 119 male and female teenagers, with ages ranging between 15 and 18 years. The sample was separated in two groups: A-50 teenage oral breathers, 28 males and 22 females; and group B- 69 teenage nasal breathers, 37 males and 32 females. The sample was collected at the Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente do Departamento de Pediatria da UNIFESP/ EPM. We evaluated breathing and facial measures. Results by means of anthropometric indexes we classified facial types and associated them with the person’s breathing type, Hypereuriprosopic (Total=0; oral breathers 0%; nasal breathers 0%; Euriprosopic (Total=14; oral breathers 2.52%, nasal breathers 9.24%;Mesoprosope (Total=20; oral breathers 19.32%; nasal breathers 21.01%, Leptoprosopic (Total=37; oral breathers 14.29%; nasal breathers 16.81%; Hyperleptoprosopic (Total =48; oral breathers 5.89% nasal breathers 10.92%). The mesoprosopic facial type was found in 48 teenagers (40.33%) of whom 25 (21.01%) were oral breathers and 23 (19.32%) were nasal breathers. Conclusion: it was not possible to prove the existence of an association between oral breathing and facial type.

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Marilena Manno Vieira

Papers

Maximum Bite Force Analysis in Different Age Groups

Estudo da relação entre a respiração oral e o tipo facial

Respiração oral: relação entre o tipo facial e a oclusão dentária em adolescentes

A study on the relationship between mouth breathing and facial morphological pattern

Relação da postura corporal com a disfunção da articulação temporomandibular: hiperatividade dos músculos da mastigação