Recent technological developments have led to the production of inexpensive, non-invasive, miniature magneto-inertial sensors, ideal for obtaining sport performance measures during training or competition. This systematic review evaluates current evidence and the future potential of their use in sport performance evaluation. Articles published in English (April 2017) were searched in Web-of-Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Sport-Discus databases. A keyword search of titles, abstracts and keywords which included studies using accelerometers, gyroscopes and/or magnetometers to analyse sport motor-tasks performed by athletes (excluding risk of injury, physical activity, and energy expenditure) resulted in 2040 papers. Papers and reference list screening led to the selection of 286 studies and 23 reviews. Information on sport, motor-tasks, participants, device characteristics, sensor position and fixing, experimental setting and performance indicators was extracted. The selected papers dealt with motor capacity assessment (51 papers), technique analysis (163), activity classification (19), and physical demands assessment (61). Focus was placed mainly on elite and sub-elite athletes (59%) performing their sport in-field during training (62%) and competition (7%). Measuring movement outdoors created opportunities in winter sports (8%), water sports (16%), team sports (25%), and other outdoor activities (27%). Indications on the reliability of sensor-based performance indicators are provided, together with critical considerations and future trends.

Trends Supporting the In-Field Use of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Sport Performance Evaluation: A Systematic Review

Chemometrics play a critical role in biosensors-based detection, analysis, and diagnosis. Nowadays, as a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) have achieved impressive advances. However, novel advanced ML methods, especially deep learning, which is famous for image analysis, facial recognition, and speech recognition, has remained relatively elusive to the biosensor community. Herein, how ML can be beneficial to biosensors is systematically discussed. The advantages and drawbacks of most popular ML algorithms are summarized on the basis of sensing data analysis. Specially, deep learning methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) are emphasized. Diverse ML-assisted electrochemical biosensors, wearable electronics, SERS and other spectra-based biosensors, fluorescence biosensors and colorimetric biosensors are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, biosensor networks and multibiosensor data fusion are introduced. This review will nicely bridge ML with biosensors, and greatly expand chemometrics for detection, analysis, and diagnosis.

Advancing Biosensors with Machine Learning

New smart technologies and the internet of things increasingly play a key role in healthcare and wellness, contributing to the development of novel healthcare concepts. These technologies enable a comprehensive view of an individual’s movement and mobility, potentially supporting healthy living as well as complementing medical diagnostics and the monitoring of therapeutic outcomes. This overview article specifically addresses smart shoes, which are becoming one such smart technology within the future internet of health things, since the ability to walk defines large aspects of quality of life in a wide range of health and disease conditions. Smart shoes offer the possibility to support prevention, diagnostic work-up, therapeutic decisions, and individual disease monitoring with a continuous assessment of gait and mobility. This overview article provides the technological as well as medical aspects of smart shoes within this rising area of digital health applications, and is designed especially for the novel reader in this specific field. It also stresses the need for closer interdisciplinary interactions between technological and medical experts to bridge the gap between research and practice. Smart shoes can be envisioned to serve as pervasive wearable computing systems that enable innovative solutions and services for the promotion of healthy living and the transformation of health care.

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An Overview of Smart Shoes in the Internet of Health Things: Gait and Mobility Assessment in Health Promotion and Disease Monitoring

Continuous health monitoring of sportsperson using IoT devices based wearable technology

This review paper presents an overview of the smart electro-clothing systems (SeCSs) targeted at health monitoring, sports benefits, fitness tracking, and social activities. Technical features of the available SeCSs, covering both textile and electronic components, are thoroughly discussed and their applications in the industry and research purposes are highlighted. In addition, it also presents the developments in the associated areas of wearable sensor systems and textile-based dry sensors. As became evident during the literature research, such a review on SeCSs covering all relevant issues has not been presented before. This paper will be particularly helpful for new generation researchers who are and will be investigating the design, development, function, and comforts of the sensor integrated clothing materials.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/587/pdf

Review on Smart Electro-Clothing Systems (SeCSs)

The following work presents an overview of smart sensors and sensor fusion targeted at biomedical applications and sports areas. In this work, the integration of these areas is demonstrated, promoting a reflection about techniques and applications to collect, quantify and qualify some physical variables associated with the human body. These techniques are presented in various biomedical and sports applications, which cover areas related to diagnostics, rehabilitation, physical monitoring, and the development of performance in athletes, among others. Although some applications are described in only one of two fields of study (biomedicine and sports), it is very likely that the same application fits in both, with small peculiarities or adaptations. To illustrate the contemporaneity of applications, an analysis of specialized papers published in the last six years has been made. In this context, the main characteristic of this review is to present the largest quantity of relevant examples of sensor fusion and smart sensors focusing on their utilization and proposals, without deeply addressing one specific system or technique, to the detriment of the others.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/10/1569/pdf

Sensor Fusion and Smart Sensor in Sports and Biomedical Applications.

A robotic system is a reconfigurable element, and in its programming, an algorithm can be implemented in order to detect and classify failures. This is an important step to ensure that errors in actions do not cause damage or bring risks. Considering this, a Neural Network Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) was used, in order to classify a set of failures in robot actuators, present in a database. This purpose is to analyze if robotic failures could be classified by MLP. The raw data are divided in a temporal progression manner and torque in x, y and z axes. In total, five MLP neural networks were implemented for each type of failure classification, using two different topologies. The number of neurons in the hidden layer is in accord with the criteria of Kolmogorov and Weka, being the latter the best topology for such application. In comparison to an algorithm (SKIL) using the same set of data, the MLP obtained the best performance in any topology of classification, with hit rates in 80 to 90%.

https://periodicos.utfpr.edu.br/bjic/article/download/4663/3110

Neural Network to Failure Classification in Robotic Systems

This paper reports the development of a project that aimed to apply the methodologies Theory to Experimentation in disciplines of Physics and Mathematic of High School related to the program content of electronics and electricity, as a strategy to internalize the theoretical content. The project was developed in a high school state college on the outskirts of Ponta Grossa/PR, and lasted a year with weekly meetings of about 20 hours. The knowledge developed by students participating in the project was evaluated procedural, continuous and cumulative, where the main assessment tools were seminars on own college or university events, experiments of reports, lists of conceptual exercises and theoretical assessments. As a result, it can be seen that 80% of the practices involved classified as an essential learning content and 100% of them pointed out the lack of a lab in your school. He attempted to train students to associate the theories covered in the disciplines involved with laboratory practice, seeking to develop correlated reasoning, in order to be able to apply theoretical concepts to the problems faced. So if wished arouse the interest of these students to exact area courses, encouraging them at the end of high school, to compete vacancies of engineering courses.

VISÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA ENGENHARIA ELETRÔNICA PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO: CONQUISTA DE PÚBLICO E RECONQUISTA DE EGRESSO. In English: EXPERIMENTAL VISION OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING TO DE HIGH SCHOOL: CONQUEST OF PUBLIC AND RECONQUEST OF EGRESSES

/pdf/visao-experimental-da-engenharia-eletronica-para-o-ensino-1pdi4imsgm.pdf

Visão experimental da engenharia eletrônica para o ensino médio: conquista de público e reconquista de egresso

Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver o prototipo de um medidor de potencia fisiologica aplicado no ciclismo e no triatlo. A importância da medicao de dados provenientes da condicao fisica e fisiologica do atleta tem se tornado cada vez mais importante, fornecendo base para tomada de decisoes e estrategia para treinamento e provas, alem de avaliacoes temporais. Atualmente, a potencia e a melhor grandeza para avaliacao de condicionamento fisico e fisiologico em esportes que utilizam bicicletas, pois e uma grandeza que nao e influenciada por fatores externos ao esporte, como emocao, alimentacao, etc. A analise do atleta pode ser completa quando a potencia e comparada com outras grandezas, como por exemplo: frequencia cardiaca, velocidade e PSE (Percepcao Subjetiva de Esforco). O desenvolvimento do prototipo foi realizado com o estudo de Extensometria para medicao de forca e torque, sensores de inercia para medicao de cadencia, condicionamento de sinais, microcontroladores para processamento dos dados e realizacao dos calculos e comunicacao Bluetooth para transmissao dos dados. As medicoes de forca e torque foram divididas em duas analises: angular e quantitativa, sendo que por meio da analise angular obteve-se a regiao de 90° (ângulo da pedivela) como a melhor para a aplicacao de forca; ja por meio da analise quantitativa obteve-se a equacao caracteristica de tensao eletrica em funcao do torque aplicado. As medicoes de cadencia foram validadas por meio de analise de video, tendo como resultado principal, todos os valores dentro do intervalo considerando o desvio padrao. Com base nos valores praticos de torque e cadencia obtidos em laboratorio, foi calculado a potencia das sete amostras, sendo o valor de potencia maxima de 317,82W, potencia media de 257,69W e potencia minima de 190,13W. Alem dos resultados praticos, obteve-se alguns resultados no âmbito academico, sendo eles: duas publicacoes em congressos tecnicos, protecao intelectual (patente) registrada sob o protocolo BR 10 2015 018633 9 juntamente ao INPI e uma iniciacao cientifica. Para trabalhos futuros, os objetivos sao: validar o produto, coletar dados em situacoes de treino e competicoes, pesquisar a influencia de condicoes extremas de uso (temperatura, umidade, pressao, etc). Conclui-se entao que o objetivo deste trabalho foi alcancado e que seus resultados foram satisfatorios para o desenvolvimento do prototipo.

http://repositorio.roca.utfpr.edu.br:8080/jspui/bitstream/1/7590/1/PG_COELE_2015_2_04.pdf

Mário Elias Marinho Vieira

Papers

Sensor Fusion and Smart Sensor in Sports and Biomedical Applications.

Neural Network to Failure Classification in Robotic Systems

VISÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA ENGENHARIA ELETRÔNICA PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO: CONQUISTA DE PÚBLICO E RECONQUISTA DE EGRESSO. In English: EXPERIMENTAL VISION OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING TO DE HIGH SCHOOL: CONQUEST OF PUBLIC AND RECONQUEST OF EGRESSES

Visão experimental da engenharia eletrônica para o ensino médio: conquista de público e reconquista de egresso

Medidor de potência fisiológica para ciclistas: desenvolvimento do protótipo