A Three Dimensional Structure (3DS) Memory (100) allows for physical separation of the memory circuits (103) and the control logic circuit (101) onto different layers (103) such that each layer may be separately optimized. One control logic circuit (101) suffices for several memory circuits (103), reducing cost. Fabrication of 3DS memory (100) involves thinning of the memory circuit (103) to less than 50 microns in thickness and bonding the circuit to a circuit stack while still in wafer substrate form. Fine-grain high density inter-layer vertical bus connections (105) are used. The 3DS memory (100) manufacturing method enables several performance and physical size efficiencies, and is implemented with established semiconductor processing techniques.

Three dimensional structure memory

A method for the multiplexed diagnostic and genetic analysis of enzymes, DNA fragments, antibodies, and other biomolecules comprises the steps of constructing an appropriately labeled beadset, exposing the beadset to a clinical sample, and analyzing the combined sample/beadset by flow cytometry is disclosed. Flow cytometric measurements are used to classify, in real-time, beads within an exposed beadset and textual explanations, based on the accumulated data obtained during real-time analysis, are generated for the user. The inventive technology enables the simultaneous, and automated, detection and interpretation of multiple biomolecules or DNA sequences in real-time while also reducing the cost of performing diagnostic and genetic assays.

Multiplexed analysis of clinical specimens apparatus and methods

The Vertical System Integration (VSI) invention herein is a method for integration of disparate electronic, optical and MEMS technologies into a single integrated circuit die or component and wherein the individual device layers used in the VSI fabrication processes are preferably previously fabricated components intended for generic multiple application use and not necessarily limited in its use to a specific application. The VSI method of integration lowers the cost difference between lower volume custom electronic products and high volume generic use electronic products by eliminating or reducing circuit design, layout, tooling and fabrication costs.

Vertical system integration

The invention provides a microfabricated device for sorting cells based on a desired characteristic, for example, reporter-labeled cells can be sorted by the presence or level of reporter on the cells. The device includes a chip having a substrate into which is microfabricated at least one analysis unit. Each analysis unit includes a main channel, having a sample inlet channel, typically at one end, and a detection region along a portion of its length. Adjacent and downstream from the detection region, the main channel has a discrimination region or branch point leading to at least two branch channels. The analysis unit may further include additional inlet channels, detection points, branch points, and branch channels as desired. A stream containing cells is passed through the detection region, such that on average one cell occupies the detection region at a given time. The cells can be sorted into an appropriate branch channel based on the presence or amount of a detectable signal such as an optical signal, with or without stimulation, such as exposure to light in order to promote fluorescence.

Microfabricated cell sorter

A method for the analysis of DNA sequences and PCR products comprises the steps of constructing an oligonucleotide-labeled bead set, and labeled complementary probe, and exposing the bead set and probe to a DNA fragment or PCR product under hybridizing conditions and analyzing the combined sample/bead set by flow cytometry Flow cytometric measurements are used to classify beads within an exposed bead set to determine the presence of identical or nonidentical sequences within the test sample The inventive technology enables the rapid analysis of DNA sequences and detection of point mutations, deletions and/or inversions while also reducing the cost and time for performing genetic assays

Method and compositions for flow cytometric determination of DNA sequences

A system for sorting particles is arranged such that the presence or absence of multiple parameters is determined for each particle in a flow of particles, and a logic condition is determined based on the multiple parameters Thereafter, particles are outputted from the system when the logic condition is present Accordingly, multiparameter high-speed measurements of a rare subpopulation of particles (eg biological cells) can be made amidst a larger population of particles with differing characteristics When attached to a multiparameter flow cytometer/cell sorter and microcomputer, the system allows multiparameter analysis of cells at rates in excess of 100,000 cells/sec This system can be an outboard module attached to a commercially available or home-built flow cytometer

System for high-speed measurement and sorting of particles

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for flexibly controlling sorting decisions for a flow cytometer or similar instrument at a purity vs. yield ratio of sorted particles, particularly at high event rates. The system monitors distances between sequential objects to determine if they are in close enough proximity to be within a single resolution unit of the sorting device. The "friend" or "foe" status of neighboring events is considered by this system in dealing with detected "coincident" events. The system operates on information of the desirability to sort the object, i.e. droplet, based upon the properties of the individual object. A storage and retrieval method is provided for making the information available at the time a sort operation based on a sorting logic condition is performed. Accordingly, an easily reconfigurable mode of operation control is provided to allow customized sorting strategies, based on the needs of individual applications or experiments. This system may be included as an integral part of a flow cytometer/cell sorter or similar instrument and may also be provided as an outboard module to such systems.

Method for flexibly sorting particles

System for flexibly sorting particles

Multiple video boards of the general purpose type (e.g. EGA or VGA boards) and their associated monitors are operated by a single computer of the personal computer type, without modification of the computer hardware and while the video boards reside in their usual expansion slots which are provided by connectors on the mother board of the personal computer by a system which utilizes a flexible printed circuit board containing circuits which allows the processor (CPU) of the computer to present address and data signals which operate circuitry on the flexible boards to selectively enable or inhibit the communication of control signals (on the I/O and memory read and write control lines) to the video boards thereby enabling them to generate graphical images for their associated monitors. The signals on the address control and data lines are tapped and relayed either directly or after processing to the associated video board thereby enabling multiple video boards of the same or different types to be used concurrently by appropriate programming of the computer without the need to interchange hardware to switch between displays thereby reducing the inconvenience and potential hardware damage necessarily incident to such a hardware interchange procedure.

Mark A. Corio

Papers

System for high-speed measurement and sorting of particles

Method for flexibly sorting particles

System for flexibly sorting particles

System for operating a plurality of graphics displays from a single computer

High-Resolution Separation of Rare Cell Types