This article describes how information systems research in the human services can be facilitated with a conceptual framework that addresses the fundamental roles of data, information and knowledge in understanding organizational information systems. Using methodologies originating in information systems and organizational research, the resulting conceptual framework explains how we are to understand information technology from the perspectives of clinical social work, supervision, social work administration, policy, and community collaborations. It concludes by reminding us that to the extent we have done little to educate our students on the differences between data, information and knowledge, and to educate them based on research performed in our human services agencies, is the extent to which our professional practice relative to technology will not advance in the 21st century.

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A Conceptual Framework for Information Technology in Social Work Practice

Homeless management information systems (HMISs) are being implemented nationwide in response to a Congressional mandate to understand the phenomenon of homelessness. Though federal dollars have been provided to implement these systems and though HMISs have been developed by private vendors to meet this mandate, most shelters are not utilizing these systems fully. A case study was undertaken to understand why that was happening in one shelter. Using a cybernetic system analysis revealed the information flows in the agency, thereby allowing me to customize the HMIS, making it more likely to be used for daily shelter operations.

Homeless Management Information System Customization Intervention

Social workers oftentimes experience a disconnect between the work they do and how that work is captured by agency databases. The database design described in this article attempts to remedy some of those issues–specifically, having to enter identical client information more than one time, not having a way to capture complex family relationships, and not having a way to capture evolving client relationships over time–while being mindful of ideal database design principles, particularly the concept of database normalization. This alternative design grew out of an ongoing research project and is discussed with in the context of one of the involved agencies.

An Alternative Database Table Design

SUMMARY After a review of their information management system, the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County School Social Work Office began a process to improve data collection and information management. The result was the creation of the School Social Work Information System, a relational database designed and developed by the school social workers themselves. This article reviews the process of evaluating existing systems, developing and implementing the new system, evaluation and continued development of the new system, and implications for further social work practice. This article is intended to provide the school social worker with the necessary information to develop similar systems.

Mark E. Redmond Ma and Msw and Lcsw

Papers

School Social Work Information Systems (SSWIS): A Relational Database for School Social Workers