International Security Studies (ISS) has changed and diversified in many ways since 1945. This book provides the first intellectual history of the development of the subject in that period. It explains how ISS evolved from an initial concern with the strategic consequences of superpower rivalry and nuclear weapons, to its current diversity in which environmental, economic, human and other securities sit alongside military security, and in which approaches ranging from traditional Realist analysis to Feminism and Post-colonialism are in play. It sets out the driving forces that shaped debates in ISS, shows what makes ISS a single conversation across its diversity, and gives an authoritative account of debates on all the main topics within ISS. This is an unparalleled survey of the literature and institutions of ISS that will be an invaluable guide for all students and scholars of ISS, whether traditionalist, ‘new agenda’ or critical. • The first book to tell the post-1945 story of International Security Studies and offer an integrated historical sociology of the whole field • Opens the door to a long-overdue conversation about what ISS is and where it should be going • Provides a detailed institutional account of ISS in terms of its journals, departments, think tanks and funding sources

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The Evolution of International Security Studies

The increased visibility of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and social movements at the international level invites continuing evaluation of the extent and significance of the role they now play in world politics. While the presence of such new actors is easily demonstrated, international relations scholars have debated their significance. The authors argue that the concept of global civil society sets a more demanding standard for the evaluation of transnational political processes than has been applied in prior accounts of transnational activity. Further, most empirical studies of this activity have focused on a limited number of NGOs within a single issue-area. Using three recent UN world conferences as examples of mutual encounters between state-dominated international politics and global civic politics, the authors develop the concept of global civil society to provide a theoretical foundation for a systematic empirical assessment of transnational relations concerning the environment, human rights, and women at the global level.

The Sovereign Limits of Global Civil Society: A Comparison of NGO Participation in UN World Conferences on the Environment, Human Rights, and Women

The article provides a review of the expansion of the concept of security and the relationship of security to tourism. It is argued that the concept of security has become transformed from one of collective security and common defence to embrace notions of common and cooperative security. Despite the damage done to the concept of collective security because of the United States led invasion of Iraq, the development of common security structures through collective, multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations remains important for the expansion of security concerns to cover the environment, health and economic threats. The article also notes that tourism and supranational tourism organizations have little influence on peace and security agendas although such agendas are important for tourism. Nevertheless, particularly at the micro-level, appropriate tourism development may serve as a means to ward off potential future conflict over resource and environmental security.

Security and tourism: Towards a new understanding?

Recent scholarship on international norms neglects the question of why some norms get selected over others to define and regulate appropriate behavior. I introduce a `socio-evolutionary' explanation for the entrance and evolution of norms, which focuses on the interaction of ideas with the social structure they encounter. This explanation best accounts for the most significant shift in environmental governance over the last 30 years, the surprising convergence of environmental and liberal economic norms toward `liberal environmentalism'. The 1992 Earth Summit institutionalized these norms, which predicate environmental protection on the promotion and maintenance of a liberal economic order. Current scholarship on international environmental institutions largely ignores the normative underpinnings of responses to environmental problems owing to its preoccupation with form and function, and thus cannot explain the shift. The proposed explanation also outperforms an `epistemic communities' explanation in its...

Ideas, Social Structure and the Compromise of Liberal Environmentalism:

This article identifies, and considers the political implications of, the association of the contemporary British military and British soldiers with nostalgia. This aspect of the discursive project of rehabilitating the British military post-Iraq has not hitherto been theorized. The article analyses a set of exemplifying texts, four military charity food brands (Eggs for Soldiers, Forces Sauces, Red Lion Foods, and Rare Tea Company Battle of Britain Tea) to ask how nostalgic rehabilitation of the British military unfolds at the intersections of militarization, commemoration, and post-2008 “conscience capitalism”. I outline how military charity food brands are a form of “conscience capitalism” through which the perpetuation of militarized logics are produced as a notionally apolitical social “cause”, rendered intelligible within the terms of existing commoditized discourses of post-2008 vintage nostalgia. I then ask what understandings of British soldiers and the British military are constituted within the...

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/66156423/Forces_Sauces_Accepted_Draft.pdf

Forces Sauces and Eggs for Soldiers: Food, Nostalgia and the Rehabilitation of the British Military

List of Tables - Preface - Acknowledgements - Two Hiroshimas Every Week - Debt, Poverty and Environment - The Global Commons - The UNEP Role - Two Cheers for Rio, 1992 - Beyond UNCED, Revenues and Reforms - Appendix - Index

Environment, Security and UN Reform

(1980). NPT safeguards: The limits of credibility. Arms Control: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 177-198.

NPT safeguards: The limits of credibility

This article questions the attitudes of a sample group of British young people to the rituals of remembrance commonly observed in the United Kingdom during the second week of November. In view of the complete transformation of war and war service since 1919 - none of the fallen from current and recent wars in Afghanistan or Iraq are buried abroad or buried unknown, and none were conscripted - this article seeks to establish whether or not the established '1919 model' of remembrance continues to best serve contemporary attitudes to military service and military loss. To this end, participant students were invited to complete a questionnaire and debate their views in various discussion groups and in a plenary session. All discussion groups were facilitated by and moderated by a team of university tutors and high school teachers. The results indicated very high levels of support for and engagement with remembrance events. The results also indicated widespread respect for and imaginative use of the tr...

From Flanders to Fallujah: Rethinking remembrance

Overhauling and coordinating the UN's internal organisation to reflect the change in consciousness from environment and development as two separate areas to sustainable development as an integrated policy is a formidable task. The newly created Commission on Sustainable Development has been charged with the tasks of UNCED follow up and national reporting, as well as aspects of UN system coordination. The role of UNEP has been strengthened. The UNDP has an important role to play; its finances far outstrip those of UNEP. New money for sustainable development, meagre though it is, is to be channelled through the Global Environmental Facility which is a cause for concern among developing countries suspicious of its ties with the World Bank. Perhaps more fundamental than organisational constraints are the financial constraints on the implementation of sustainable development policies. Unless the flow of resources via debt repayment from South to North is halted and reversed, even a streamlined UN system will h...

The United Nations' role in sustainable development

The United States withdrew from the ILO during the period November 1977—February 1980. It was not the first crisis but the culmination of several crises which had adversely affected the relationship between the USA and the ILO since the early 1950s. This account will emphasize the continuities which existed between the earlier disputes and those events which, during 1970–7, in a more narrow interpretation, actually precipitated the withdrawal.1

Mark F. Imber

Papers

Environment, Security and UN Reform

NPT safeguards: The limits of credibility

From Flanders to Fallujah: Rethinking remembrance

The United Nations' role in sustainable development

The Case of the International Labour Organization