This classic text, originally published in 1948, is a study of the public administration movement from the viewpoint of political theory and the history of ideas. It seeks to review and analyze the theoretical element in administrative writings and to present the development of the public administration movement as a chapter in the history of American political thought. The objectives of \"The Administrative State\" are to assist students of administration to view their subject in historical perspective and to appraise the theoretical content of their literature. It is also hoped that this book may assist students of American culture by illuminating an important development of the first half of the twentieth century. It thus should serve political scientists whose interests lie in the field of public administration or in the study of bureaucracy as a political issue; the public administrator interested in the philosophic background of his service; and the historian who seeks an understanding of major governmental developments. This study, now with a new introduction by public policy and administration scholar Hugh Miller, is based upon the various books, articles, pamphlets, reports, and records that make up the literature of public administration, and documents the political response to the modern world that Graham Wallas named the Great Society. It will be of lasting interest to students of political science, government, and American history. Dwight Waldo (1913-2000) taught at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Syracuse. He was the author or editor of several books, including \"Ideas and Issues in Public Administration\" and \"The Study of Public Administration\", and for eleven years served as editor-in chief of Public Administration Review.

The Administrative State: A Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration

Review of Studies on the Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) for Infrastructure Projects

Fragmented health systems in COVID-19: rectifying the misalignment between global health security and universal health coverage.

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have become popular tools to deliver infrastructure and public services around the world. As an innovative public procurement approach, PPPs have drawn considerab...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14719037.2017.1313445

Public–private partnership in Public Administration discipline: a literature review

The aim was to conduct a systematic review of real-world sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax evaluations and examine the overall impact on beverage purchases and dietary intake by meta-analysis. Medline, EconLit, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched up to June 2018. SSB tax evaluations from any formal jurisdiction from cities to national governments were eligible if there was a comparison between pre-post tax (n = 11) or taxed and untaxed jurisdiction(s) (n = 6). The consumption outcome comprised sales, purchasing, and intake (reported by volume, energy, or frequency). Taxed and untaxed beverage consumption outcomes were examined separately by meta-analysis with adjustment for the size of each tax. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42018100620). The equivalent of a 10% SSB tax was associated with an average decline in beverage purchases and dietary intake of 10.0% (95% CI: -5.0% to -14.7%, n = 17 studies, 6 jurisdictions) with considerable heterogeneity between results (I2  = 97%).The equivalent of a 10% SSB tax was also associated with a nonsignificant 1.9% increase in total untaxed beverage consumption (eg, water) (95% CI: -2.1% to 6.1%, n = 6 studies, 4 jurisdictions). Based on real-world evaluations, SSB taxes introduced in jurisdictions around the world appear to have been effective in reducing SSB purchases and dietary intake.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/obr.12868

Impact of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on purchases and dietary intake: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Taxes on alcohol and tobacco have long been an important means of raising revenues for public spending in many countries but there is increasing interest in using taxes on these, and other unhealthy products, to achieve public health goals. We present a systematic review of the research on health taxes, and aim to generate insights into how such taxes can: (i) reduce consumption of targeted products and related harms; (ii) generate revenues for health objectives and distribute the tax burden across income groups in an efficient and equitable manner; and (iii) be made politically sustainable. Six scientific and four grey-literature databases were searched for empirical studies of ‘health taxes’ – defined as those intended to increase the costs of manufacturing, distributing, retailing and/or consuming health-damaging products. Since reviews already exist of the evidence relating to traditional alcohol and tobacco excise taxes, we focus on other taxes such as taxes on retailers and manufacturers of unhealthy products, and consumer taxes targeting unhealthy foods, such as sugar-sweetened beverages. Ninety-one peer-reviewed and 11 grey-literature studies met our inclusion criteria. The review highlights a recent, rapid rise in research in this area, most of which focuses on high-income countries and on taxes on food products or nutrients. Findings demonstrate that high tax rates on sugar-sweetened beverages are likely to have a positive impact on health behaviours and outcomes, and, while taxes on products reduce demand, they add to fiscal revenues. Common concerns about health taxes are also discussed. If the primary policy goal of a health tax is to reduce consumption of unhealthy products, then evidence supports the implementation of taxes that increase the price of products by 20% or more. However, where taxes are effective in changing health behaviours, the predictability of the revenue stream is reduced. Hence, policy actors need to be clear about the primary goal of any health tax and frame the tax accordingly – not doing so leaves taxes vulnerable to hostile lobbying. Conversely, earmarking health taxes for health spending tends to increase public support so long as policymakers follow through on specified spending commitments. CRD42016048603

/pdf/policy-lessons-from-health-taxes-a-systematic-review-of-2sea210azi.pdf

Policy lessons from health taxes: a systematic review of empirical studies

International Handbook On Public–Private Partnerships

This article outlines and critiques the main fiscal and economic rationales for the Private Finance Initiative and examines the impact of the policy on the long-term financial viability of NHS trusts. It concludes that the PFI funding of capital investment is highly problematic. Its high costs can have a negative impact on the finances of health systems.

The private financing of nhs hospitals: politics, policy and practice

Does the private sector receive an excessive return from investments in health care infrastructure projects? Evidence from the UK

Drawing on the financial models of 10 PFI projects commissioned by the UK National Health Service (NHS), this article identifies the returns that are projected to be earned by private investors and evaluates these through the application of corporate finance methods. The paper begins with a description of the PFI model in the NHS and identifies the risks to which private sector costs and revenues are subject. An analytical framework grounded in capital budgeting techniques is outlined, and used to measure and evaluate investor returns. Cost of capital benchmarks are used as comparators to (1) assess the Internal Rate of Return for each project, and (2) as discount rates to calculate Benefit-Cost Ratios. On both criteria, returns to investors on this group of PFI projects are shown to be much higher than would be sufficient to remunerate investors for the risk they bear.

Mark Hellowell

Papers

Policy lessons from health taxes: a systematic review of empirical studies

International Handbook On Public–Private Partnerships

The private financing of nhs hospitals: politics, policy and practice

Does the private sector receive an excessive return from investments in health care infrastructure projects? Evidence from the UK

An Evaluation of the Projected Returns to Investors on 10 PFI Projects Commissioned by the National Health Service