https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)69044-2.pdf

Cholesterol gallstone disease

The cosolvency models presented from 1960 to 2007 were reviewed and their accuracies for correlating and/or predicting the solubility of drugs in water-cosolvent mixtures were discussed. The cosolvency models could be divided into theoretical, semi-empirical and empirical models, the first group of models provide basic information from the solution, while the last group of models are good suitable for solubility correlation studies. The simplest cosolvency model, i.e. the log-linear model of Yalkowsky, provides an estimate of drug solubility in water-cosolvent mixtures using aqueous solubility of the drug, whereas the Jouyban-Acree model predicts the solubility with an acceptable error with the cost of one more data point (the solubility in neat cosolvent) which is required as input value in the prediction process. A number of error terms used in the literature was also discussed with a brief comments on the acceptable prediction error for pharmaceutical applications.

/pdf/review-of-the-cosolvency-models-for-predicting-solubility-of-2v4rzbp2uw.pdf

Review of the cosolvency models for predicting solubility of drugs in water-cosolvent mixtures

We treated nine patients with functioning gallbladders containing one to three symptomatic radiolucent stones not larger than 25 mm in diameter, as well as five patients with stones in the common bile duct that were not removable by endoscopic procedures, by means of extracorporeally generated shock waves during general anesthesia. The patients with gallbladder stones received adjuvant treatment with a combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. All gallbladder stones were disintegrated into sludge or fragments with diameters of no more than 8 mm. In six of the nine patients the fragments disappeared completely within 1 to 25 weeks. No adverse effects were detected during a follow-up period of 10 to 34 weeks, except transient biliary pain in two patients, with mild pancreatitis in one. In four of the five patients with common-bile-duct stones, shock-wave treatment permitted stone disintegration and successful endoscopic extraction or spontaneous passage of fragments. We conclude that gallstone disease may be treated successfully and without serious adverse effects by extracorporeally generated shock waves in selected patients.

Fragmentation of gallstones by extracorporeal shock waves

Handbook of solubility data for pharmaceuticals , Handbook of solubility data for pharmaceuticals , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

http://chemistry-chemists.com/chemister/Spravochniki/handbook-of-solubility-data-for-pharmaceuticals-2010.pdf

Handbook of Solubility Data for Pharmaceuticals

To substantiate the early results of extracorporeal shock-wave fragmentation of gallstones, we used this nonsurgical procedure to treat 175 patients with radiolucent gallbladder calculi. Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were administered as adjuvant litholytic therapy. The gallstones disintegrated in all patients except one and completely disappeared in 30 percent of all patients within 2 months after lithotripsy, in 48 percent at 2 to 4 months, in 63 percent at 4 to 8 months, in 78 percent at 8 to 12 months, and in 91 percent at 12 to 18 months. In patients with solitary stones up to 20 mm in diameter, the corresponding values were 45, 69, 78, 86, and 95 percent, respectively. Shock-wave therapy had no adverse effects except cutaneous petechiae (14 percent) and transient gross hematuria (3 percent). One third of the patients had one or more episodes of biliary colic before all the fragments disappeared. Two patients had mild pancreatitis, which necessitated endoscopic sphincterotomy in one. The patient with insufficient stone fragmentation underwent elective cholecystectomy; no additional operations were necessary. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy combined with medical therapy for stone dissolution is a safe and effective treatment in selected patients with radiolucent gallbladder calculi.

Shock-wave lithotripsy of gallbladder stones. The first 175 patients.

ALTHOUGH surgery has been the time-honored treatment for cholelithiasis, dissolution of gallbladder or bile-duct stones has received increasing interest in the past decade. Numerous solvents have b...

Rapid dissolution of gallstones by methyl tert-butyl ether. Preliminary observations.

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(85)80143-8/pdf

Cholelitholysis using methyl tertiary butyl ether.

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/0016-5085(85)90215-X/pdf

In vitro dissolution of cholesterol gallstones: A study of factors influencing rate and a comparison of solvents

Method and means for distributing therapeutic agents in a localized area of a patient's body comprising introducing a therapeutic area of a patient's body and agitating the therapeutic agent in the localized area of a patient's body by introducing an oscillating liquid to the localized area in an amount effective to facilitate distribution of the therapeutic agent therein.

In vivo method for distribution and stirring of therapeutic agents

Method for dissolving cholesterol calculus in vitro or in vivo comprising contacting the cholesterol calculus with methyl tertiary-butyl ether.

Mark J. Allen

Papers

Rapid dissolution of gallstones by methyl tert-butyl ether. Preliminary observations.

Cholelitholysis using methyl tertiary butyl ether.

In vitro dissolution of cholesterol gallstones: A study of factors influencing rate and a comparison of solvents

In vivo method for distribution and stirring of therapeutic agents

Method for therapeutic use of methyl tertiary-butyl ether