Showing papers by "Mark L. Winston published in 1984"
TL;DR: Native bees were not abundant enough to ensure adequate pollination of berry crops, and therefore, the use of managed honey bees is advisable.
Abstract: Native bee pollinators were collected and observed on cultivated blueberry, raspberry, and cranberry and on natural non-cultivated plants such as blackberry, buttercup, fireweed, thistle, and hairy cat's ear. Higher abundance and diversity of native bees were found on natural vegetation than on berry crops. Native bee populations on berry crops increased from 1981 to 1982, although diversity was similar. Native bees were not abundant enough to ensure adequate pollination of berry crops, and therefore, the use of managed honey bees is advisable. Pesticide impact, competition with managed honey bees, and habitat destruction have probably decreased native bee populations in agricultural areas of the Fraser Valley.The use of a standard measure of native pollinator abundance, bees observed/min/m2, is recommended for future studies of this kind.
38 citations
TL;DR: A standardized bioassay to evaluate sub-lethal pesticide effects on Apis mellifera L. was developed and tested with two insecticides, malathion and diazinon as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A standardized bioassay to evaluate sublethal pesticide effects on Apis mellifera L. was developed and tested with two insecticides, malathion and diazinon. Worker age at time of exposure had a significant effect on longevity, as did the test environment (cage or hive). Differences between cage and hive results indicated that laboratory and field studies may not be easily correlated. Under certain experimental conditions, a single exposure to the insecticides significantly reduced length of life of worker bees. This response was dose-dependent. Both malathion and diazinon have lethal and sublethal effects on workers. Malathion had less effect than diazinon on worker longevity, and would therefore be a safer chemical to use where foraging bees may be present.
25 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that a pheromone-based monitoring and control program for V. edmandsae is feasible, and traps baited with (Z, E )-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, alone or in binary combination with ( Z )-11-hexadecen-1 -ol, were significantly more attractive to male V. educationae than all other treatments tested.
Abstract: In western Canada, three wax-infesting moth species are serious pests of honey bee products, Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot, Achroia grisella (F.), and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). The latter two species are found only in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, while the driedfruit moth (sometimes called the bumble bee wax moth), V. edmandsae, is found throughout western Canada.Three female-produced pheromone components of V. edmandsae were identified as (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, and field tested. Pheromone baits were used in traps outdoors and in bee equipment storage facilities in the Fraser and Okanagan valleys of British Columbia. The peak indoor trapping period occurred during May in the Okanagan Valley, while catches in indoor traps in the Fraser Valley were negligible throughout the entire trapping period. Catches in outdoor traps peaked during July in both regions. Traps baited with (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, alone or in binary combination with (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, were significantly more attractive to male V. edmandsae than all other treatments tested. At one apiary, cumulative moth catch from a trap line 1.0 m from hives was significantly greater than that from a trap line 4.5 m away. The results suggest that a pheromone-based monitoring and control program for V. edmandsae is feasible.
5 citations