Blending fine-grained case studies with overarching theory, this book seeks both to integrate Southeast Asia into world history and to rethink much of Eurasia's premodern past. It argues that Southeast Asia, Europe, Japan, China, and South Asia all embodied idiosyncratic versions of a Eurasian-wide pattern whereby local isolates cohered to form ever larger, more stable, more complex political and cultural systems. With accelerating force, climatic, commercial, and military stimuli joined to produce patterns of linear-cum-cyclic construction that became remarkably synchronized even between regions that had no contact with one another. Yet this study also distinguishes between two zones of integration, one where indigenous groups remained in control and a second where agency gravitated to external conquest elites. Here, then, is a fundamentally original view of Eurasia during a 1,000-year period that speaks to both historians of individual regions and those interested in global trends.

Strange parallels : Southeast Asia in global context, c 800-1830

Party systems of European Union (EU) candidate states follow a predictable evolution over time. Before negotiations begin, most major political parties respond to EU leverage by adopting agendas that are consistent with qualifying for membership. Consequently, the party systems – at least for a while – reflect a consensus on the direction of domestic policy-making. Candidate states where regime change in 1989 was followed by illiberal democracy or authoritarianism are the most interesting. For key parties in these states, pushing for EU accession is a marker of profound moderation in their agendas. Yet after EU accession, the parameters for party competition broaden again. The lifting of accession-related constraints is especially apparent among parties that adopt more nationalist and culturally conservative positions. However, preliminary evidence suggests that such parties have made only modest political gains.

Tempered by the EU? Political parties and party systems before and after accession

This article provides a framework for the comparative study of inter- national systems+ By analyzing how international systems are framed, scripted, and performed, it is possible to understand how interstate relations are interpreted in dif- ferent historical periods and parts of the world+ But such an investigation also has general implications—inter alia for a study of the nature of power, the role of emo- tions in foreign policymaking, and public opinion formation+ Case studies are pro- vided by the Sino-centric, the Tokugawa, and the Westphalian systems+ As this study shows, the two East Asian systems were in several respects better adapted than the Westphalian to the realities of international politics in the twenty-first century+ The comparative investigation of international systems is a relatively neglected subfield in the academic study of international relations+ Although there have been many international systems throughout history, it is the contemporary Westphalian system that repeatedly is investigated—as though it were possible to understand it purely on its own terms+ 1 As a result, when comparisons occasionally are made, the Westphalian system is more often than not taken as the standard by which other international systems are measured+ 2 Such presentism and Eurocentrism have made it difficult to understand the conflicts that arise when international systems come into contact with each other, but also how the legacy of earlier international systems continues to influence foreign policy decision making in today's world+ 3 The lack of a comparative focus has also limited our ability to envision alterna-

Performing International Systems: Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order

Strange parallels: Southeast Asia in global context, C. 800-1830 volume 2 Mainland mirrors: Europe, Japan, China, South Asia, and the Islands

Matthew Fraleigh examines how "men of high purpose" ( shishi ), a group of mid-nineteenth-century samurai who embraced nationalist causes, wrote poetry to fashion themselves in the image of heroes and statesmen of Chinese antiquity. Focusing in particular on their creative adaptation and re-envisioning of Wen Tianxiang's "Song of the Righteous Spirit," Fraleigh analyzes how Fujita T?ko, Yoshida Shōin, Takasugi Shinsaku, Saigō Takamori, and others reworked specific Chinese allusions and texts, which in turn circulated as an intertextual currency among the shishi . Through writings thus enriched by a selfreferential intertextuality, shishi forged important social and literary connections among themselves. The process of naturalization, argues Fraleigh, happened not through the de-sinification of the poetic form itself, but rather through the exploitation of an expanding discursive sphere that became increasingly contemporaneous and localized.

Songs of the Righteous Spirit: "Men of High Purpose" and Their Chinese Poetry in Modern Japan

List of tables and figures List of maps List of abbreviations A note to the reader Introduction 1. Land and lordship: ideology and political practice in early modern Japan 2. The nerves of the state: the political economy of Daimyo rule 3. Profit and propriety: political economy in Yonezawa 4. Land and labor: political economy in Hirosaki 5. Markets and mercantilism: political economy in Tokushima Conclusion Appendix Glossary Notes Bibliography Index.

Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan

Introduction: Conceptualizing the Korean Wave

[Languages] determine the unique, often ambiguous tenor of human consciousness and make the relations of that consciousness to 'reality' creative…. To a greater or lesser degree, every language offers its own reading of life.

/pdf/state-building-and-political-economy-in-early-modern-japan-c6897add1t.pdf

State-building and Political Economy in Early-modern Japan

Rescuing the Nation from History: The State of the State in Early Modern Japan@@@Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan@@@Mercantilism in a Japanese Domain: The Merchant Origins of Economic Nationalism in 18th-Century Tosa

Note To The Reader Acknowledgments Introduction 1 "Powerfully Sentimental" Siagoa s Early Years in Satsuma 2 "A Man Of Exceptional Fidelity" Siago and National Politics 3 "Bones In The Earth" Exile and Ignominy 4 "To Shoulder The Burdens Of The Realm" The Destruction of the Shogunate 5 "To Tear Asunder The Clouds" Saigo and the Meiji State 6 "The Burden of Death Is Light" Saigo and the War of the Southwest Notes Bibliography Sources Index

Mark Ravina

Papers

Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan

Introduction: Conceptualizing the Korean Wave

State-building and Political Economy in Early-modern Japan

Rescuing the Nation from History: The State of the State in Early Modern Japan@@@Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan@@@Mercantilism in a Japanese Domain: The Merchant Origins of Economic Nationalism in 18th-Century Tosa

The last samurai : the life and battles of Saigō Takamori