The European Commission has set a long-term goal to develop a competitive, resource efficient and low carbon economy by 2050. Bioeconomy is expected to play an important role in the low carbon economy. This paper provides a review of the policy framework for developing a bioeconomy in the European Union covering energy and climate, agriculture and forestry, industry and research. The Europe has a number of well-established traditional bio-based industries, ranging from agriculture, food, feed, fibre and forest-based industries. This paper proposes an analysis of the current status of bioeconomy in the European Union and worldwide until 2020 and beyond. We estimate the current bio economy market at about € 2.4 billion, including agriculture, food and beverage, agro-industrial products, fisheries and aquaculture, forestry, wood-based industry, biochemical, enzymes, biopharmaceutical, biofuels and bioenergy, using about 2 billion tonnes and employing 22 million persons. New sectors are emerging, such as biomaterials and green chemistry. The transition toward a bioeconomy will rely on the advancement in technology of a range of processes, on the achievement of a breakthrough in terms of technical performances and cost effectiveness and will depend on the availability of sustainable biomass.

The role of biomass and bioenergy in a future bioeconomy: Policies and facts

The European Sovereign Debt Crisis

Democracy in Europe

Public Administration Code Title Hours Select 3 credits from the following: 3 PSCI 344 State and Local Government PSCI 360 Exp Offering: Public Admin PSCI 361 Public Administration PSCI 365 Pub Policy Issues and Analysis PSCI 448 Health Care Policy PSCI 449 Environmental Health Policy PSCI 461 Administrative Law PSCI 462 Human Resource Management PSCI 463 Development Administration PSCI 466 Nonprofit Adm & Pub Svc PSCI 467 Adv Nonprofit Adm PSCI 468 Public Policy Cycle and the Climate PSCI 469 Ethics and Public Policy Total Hours 3

Public Law I-A

Introductory observations Part I. Setting the Framework: 1. The increasing interactions between foreign investment law and international environmental law 2. Conceptualising interactions 3. Synergies 4. Conflicts I - soft-control mechanisms 5. Conflicts II - adjudication mechanisms Part II. Normative Conflicts: 6. Normative priority in international law 7. Foreign investment and the international regulation of freshwater 8. Foreign investment and the protection of biological and cultural diversity 9. Foreign investment and the international regulation of dangerous substances and activities 10. Foreign investment and the climate change regime Part III. Legitimacy Conflicts: 11. Normative priority between different legal systems 12. Environmental measures and expropriation clauses 13. Environmental measures and non-discrimination standards 14. Environmental measures, stability and due process 15. Defence arguments based on environmental considerations Concluding observations.

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Foreign investment and the environment in international law

This remarkable collection of papers, sponsored by the Centre for International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL), demonstrates that sustainable development serves as a unifying concept with the potential to facilitate much-needed respect for international law and timely implementation of diverse and overlapping international commitments. It builds on the substance of a rich and complex debate at the intersections among economic, social, and environmental law, bringing together a broad cross-section of viewpoints and voices. The authors review recent developments in WTO discussions and negotiations, and in the recent decisions of the WTO Appellate Body, from a sustainable development law perspective. They also survey relevant new developments in trade and economic agreements at regional, inter-regional and bi-lateral levels. The various essays focus on sustainable development aspects of key issues in recent trade negotiations such as the "Singapore Issues" (investment, competition, trade facilitation, and government procurement), intellectual property rights, investment arbitration and the linkage between the WTO and multilateral environmental accords (MEAs). Among the specific topics covered are the following: emerging areas of law and policy in trade and sustainable development; the underlying development agendas in global trade law negotiations; cooperation and potential negotiation on international competition law; overlaps between multilateral environmental accords (MEAs) and the WTO; recent developments in WTO dispute settlement procedures and proceedings; human rights and environmental opportunities from trade liberalisation and increased market access; human rights and environment impact assessment techniques used to analyse trade agreements; and, recent developments in bi-lateral and regional trade agreements. Trade, investment, and competition law practitioners and negotiators in developed and developing countries will find this book of great value, as will development and environment law professionals with responsibility for trade and WTO law related matters.

/pdf/sustainable-development-in-world-trade-law-3ghmrehdmk.pdf

Sustainable development in world trade law

The process of European constitutionalisation is met with extensive scepticism in current national legal and political spheres and in broader circles of public opinion across Europe. By shedding light on these concerns, this book reveals a widespread misunderstanding of constitutional federalism, which permeates the Member State courts, popular media, and many academic communities. A failure to address confusion over this fundamental concept is leading us towards impoverished development of the EU's 'Second Constitution', and even ensuring that the role of both domestic and international European courts in enriching the constitutionalisation process is overlooked and undervalued. In a bid to avoid such consequences, this book explores how federalism and further constitutionalisation - rightly understood in a dialogue of the European courts - may actually change this process and allow a clearer advance toward Europe's Second Constitution for, but also with, the people of Europe.

Europe's Second Constitution: Crisis, Courts and Community

Sustainable development, as defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development, is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.A" More specifically, sustainable development is a process of change that seeks to improve the collective quality of life by focusing on economically, socially, and environmentally sound projects that are viable in the long-term. Sustainable development requires structural economic change and the foundation of that change is investment. In developing nations with low levels of domestic savings, investment predictably comes from abroad in the form of foreign direct investment. A large and ever expanding number of international investment agreements are in place to govern these transactions. While these accords seek to foster development while mitigating the risk involved in these types investments, many questions remain unresolved. This highly insightful book reflects the contributions of a variety of world renowned experts each of which is designed to provide the reader with valuable perspective on recent developments in investment law negotiations and jurisprudence from a sustainable development law perspective. It offers answers to pertinent questions concerning advancements in investment law, including the negotiation of numerous regional and bilateral agreements as well as the increasing number of disputes resolved in the World Bank's International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), from different developed and developing country perspectives. It lays out future directions for new treaty negotiations and dispute settlement proceedings, as well as ongoing investment promotion efforts, against a background of rapidly evolving international relationships between economic, environment and development law. It focuses on key issues in investment laws which have emerged as priorities in the negotiation of bilateral and regional investment agreements, and have been clarified through recent decisions of the ICSID and other arbitral panel awards.

http://cisdl.org/public/docs/conferences/programme_seminar_may_2011_cambridge.pdf

Sustainable development in world investment law

This volume builds upon previous research on sustainable development in international trade law and policy, published in Sustainable Development in World Trade Law. The volume’s goal is to analyse the state of international investment law through the lens of sustainable development and to clarify how international investment law can contribute to sustainable development. The various chapters in the volume identify, characterize, and analyse existing rules, innovations, and best practices in international investment agreements, including the investment measures used by other sustainable development treaties and instruments. The volume proceeds in four parts. Part I establishes the foundations. Part II of the volume addresses the procedural and substantive dimension of sustainable development in international investment law. Part III is divided into two sections. The first section examines emerging issues and proposals. The second section examines how investment can be promoted through sustainable development treaties in general, followed by chapters on climate change, and biodiversity treaties, as well as treaties concerning water use and shared river regimes. Part IV provides the conclusions, which draw out the themes from this volume and provide a research agenda for the future in this emerging and important area.

Introduction to ‘Sustainable Development in World Investment Law’

There are disputes over territory in almost every region of the world, sometimes leading to escalations and violence between States and threatening international peace and security. International law requires States to refrain from the threat or use of force and to attempt to settle their disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace, security and justice are not endangered. 
This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the rules regulating the threat or use of force between States in international law and examines how these rules operate specifically in the context of territorial disputes. The report analyses a wide range of territorial disputes to clarify the legal obligations binding upon States involved in such disputes and the consequences flowing from a breach of these obligations.

Markus Gehring

Papers

Sustainable development in world trade law

Europe's Second Constitution: Crisis, Courts and Community

Sustainable development in world investment law

Introduction to ‘Sustainable Development in World Investment Law’

The Use of Force in Relation to Sovereignty Disputes Over Land Territory