National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

With the establishment of the AES the need for new block ciphers has been greatly diminished; for almost all block cipher applications the AES is an excellent and preferred choice. However, despite recent implementation advances, the AES is not suitable for extremely constrained environments such as RFID tags and sensor networks. In this paper we describe an ultra-lightweight block cipher, present . Both security and hardware efficiency have been equally important during the design of the cipher and at 1570 GE, the hardware requirements for present are competitive with today's leading compact stream ciphers.

/pdf/present-an-ultra-lightweight-block-cipher-33ym33ql7r.pdf

PRESENT: An Ultra-Lightweight Block Cipher

A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter: Preface

A new stream cipher, Grain, is proposed. The design targets hardware environments where gate count, power consumption and memory is very limited. It is based on two shift registers and a non-linear output function. The cipher has the additional feature that the speed can be increased at the expense of extra hardware. The key size is 80 bits and no attack faster than exhaustive key search has been identified. The hardware complexity and throughput compares favourably to other hardware oriented stream ciphers like E0 and A5/1.

/pdf/grain-a-stream-cipher-for-constrained-environments-2azyz8fiei.pdf

Grain: a stream cipher for constrained environments

A new stream cipher, Grain-128, is proposed. The design is very small in hardware and it targets environments with very limited resources in gate count, power consumption, and chip area. Grain-128 supports key size of 128 bits and IV size of 96 bits. The design is very simple and based on two shift registers, one linear and one nonlinear, and an output function.

http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/stream/p2ciphers/grain/Grain128_p2.pdf

A Stream Cipher Proposal: Grain-128

A new version of the stream cipher Grain-128 is proposed. The new version, Grain-128a, is strengthened against all known attacks and observations on the original Grain-128, and has built-in support for optional authentication. The changes are modest, keeping the basic structure of Grain-128. This gives a high confidence in Grain-128a and allows for easy updating of existing implementations.

/pdf/grain-128a-a-new-version-of-grain-128-with-optional-32q00hifb4.pdf

Grain-128a: a new version of Grain-128 with optional authentication

A new family of stream ciphers, Grain, is proposed. Two variants, a 80-bit and a 128-bit variant are specified, denoted Grain and Grain-128 respectively. The designs target hardware environments where gate count, power consumption and memory are very limited. Both variants are based on two shift registers and a nonlinear output function. The ciphers also have the additional feature that the speed can be easily increased at the expense of extra hardware.

The Grain Family of Stream Ciphers

A new version of the stream cipher Grain-128 is proposed. The new version, Grain-128a, is strengthened against all known attacks and observations on the original Grain-128, and has built-in support for authentication. The changes are modest, keeping the basic structure of Grain-128. This gives a high conﬁdence in Grain-128a and allows for easy updating of existing implementations.

/pdf/a-new-version-of-grain-128-with-authentication-9rvpe8tni8.pdf

Martin Hell

Papers

Grain: a stream cipher for constrained environments

A Stream Cipher Proposal: Grain-128

Grain-128a: a new version of Grain-128 with optional authentication

The Grain Family of Stream Ciphers

A New Version of Grain-128 with Authentication