다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Human tissue is structured mainly of self-assembled polymers (proteins) and ceramics (bone minerals), with metals present as trace elements with molecular scale functions. However, metals and their alloys have played a predominant role as structural biomaterials in reconstructive surgery, especially orthopedics, with more recent uses in non-osseous tissues, such as blood vessels. With the successful routine use of a large variety of metal implants clinically, issues associated with long-term maintenance of implant integrity have also emerged. This review focuses on metallic implant biomaterials, identifying and discussing critical issues in their clinical applications, including the systemic toxicity of released metal ions due to corrosion, fatigue failure of structural components due to repeated loading, and wearing of joint replacements due to movement. This is followed by detailed reviews on specific metallic biomaterials made from stainless steels, alloys of cobalt, titanium and magnesium, as well as shape memory alloys of nickel–titanium, silver, tantalum and zirconium. For each, the properties that affect biocompatibility and mechanical integrity (especially corrosion fatigue) are discussed in detail. Finally, the most critical challenges for metallic implant biomaterials are summarized, with emphasis on the most promising approaches and strategies.

Metallic implant biomaterials

https://www.tpbin.com/Uploads/Subjects/643149a0-8194-4c67-bf05-73fae6f0d14f.pdf

Development of new metallic alloys for biomedical applications

Young's modulus as well as tensile strength, ductility, fatigue life, fretting fatigue life, wear properties, functionalities, etc., should be adjusted to levels that are suitable for structural biomaterials used in implants that replace hard tissue. These factors may be collectively referred to as mechanical biocompatibilities. In this paper, the following are described with regard to biomedical applications of titanium alloys: the Young's modulus, wear properties, notch fatigue strength, fatigue behaviour on relation to ageing treatment, improvement of fatigue strength, fatigue crack propagation resistance and ductility by the deformation-induced martensitic transformation of the unstable beta phase, and multifunctional deformation behaviours of titanium alloys.

Mechanical biocompatibilities of titanium alloys for biomedical applications.

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β-type titanium alloys with low Young's modulus are required to inhibit bone atrophy and enhance bone remodeling for implants used to substitute failed hard tissue. At the same time, these titanium alloys are required to have high static and dynamic strength. On the other hand, metallic biomaterials with variable Young's modulus are required to satisfy the needs of both patients and surgeons, namely, low and high Young's moduli, respectively. In this paper, we have discussed effective methods to improve the static and dynamic strength while maintaining low Young's modulus for β-type titanium alloys used in biomedical applications. Then, the advantage of low Young's modulus of β-type titanium alloys in biomedical applications has been discussed from the perspective of inhibiting bone atrophy and enhancing bone remodeling. Further, we have discussed the development of β-type titanium alloys with a self-adjusting Young's modulus for use in removable implants.

/pdf/titanium-based-biomaterials-for-preventing-stress-shielding-57pztsbm0q.pdf

Masaaki Nakai

Papers

Development of new metallic alloys for biomedical applications

Titanium-Based Biomaterials for Preventing Stress Shielding between Implant Devices and Bone

Beta type Ti–Mo alloys with changeable Young’s modulus for spinal fixation applications

Characterization of air-formed surface oxide film on Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr alloy surface using XPS and AES

Development of high Zr-containing Ti-based alloys with low Young's modulus for use in removable implants