Association of masticatory performance with age, gender, number of teeth, occlusal force and salivary flow in Japanese older adults: Is ageing a risk factor for masticatory dysfunction?

Masticatory performance in older subjects with varying degrees of tooth loss.

Association of bite force with ageing and occlusal support in older adults.

Bite forces and their resultants during forceful intercuspal clenching in humans.

Previous studies have identified various factors related to masticatory performance. This study was aimed to investigate variations and impacts of factors related to masticatory performance among different occlusal support areas in general urban population in Japan. A total of 1875 Japanese subjects (mean age: 66·7 years) were included in the Suita study. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The number of functional teeth and occlusal support areas (OSA) were recorded, and the latter divided into three categories of perfect, decreased and lost OSA based on the Eichner Index. Masticatory performance was determined by means of test gummy jelly. For denture wearers, masticatory performance was measured with the dentures in place. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that, when controlling for other variables, masticatory performance was significantly associated with sex, number of functional teeth, maximum bite force and periodontal status in perfect OSA. Masticatory performance was significantly associated with number of functional teeth, maximum bite force and periodontal status in decreased OSA. In lost OSA, masticatory performance was significantly associated with maximum bite force. Maximum bite force was a factor significantly influencing masticatory performance that was common to all OSA groups. After controlling for possible confounding factors, the number of functional teeth and periodontal status were common factors in the perfect and decreased OSA groups, and only sex was significant in the perfect OSA group. These findings may help in providing dietary guidance to elderly people with tooth loss or periodontal disease.

A multifactorial model of masticatory performance: The Suita study

Gender difference in masticatory performance in dentate adults.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effectiveness of examining masticatory performance by measuring glucose extraction from chewing gummy jelly.Methods: Twenty healthy subjects were asked to chew 2g of gummy jelly and 3g of peanuts for 10, 20, and 30 strokes respectively. The masticatory value as measured by the sieve method was then compared with the amount of glucose extraction from chewing gummy jelly.Results: The relationship between the amount of glucose extraction and the masticatory value was positive (r=0.475-0.850). Both the amount of glucose extraction and the masticatory value were lowest for the 10 chewing strokes and significantly increased for the 20 and 30 chewing strokes (glucose extraction F=1179.6, P<0.01; masticatory value F=605.0, P<0.01). The standardized glucose extraction for the 10, 20, and 30 chewing strokes was 0.17, 0.34, and 0.49 respectively, and increased proportionally. The standardized masticatory values for the 10, 20, and 30 chewing strokes were 0.28, 0.35, and 0.37 respectively, and increased logarithmically.Conclusion: From these results it was concluded that the masticatory performance as measured by the amount of glucose extraction from chewing gummy jelly is an effective indicator of masticatory function and has a high potential for clinical application.

The Effectiveness of Measuring Glucose Extraction for Estimating Masticatory Performance

Masticatory path pattern during mastication of chewing gum with regard to gender difference.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between two types of dental prescale systems. Forty healthy subjects were asked to maximally clench for about 3 s, and the maximum occlusal force before and after cleaning was calculated using an Occluzer FPD707 for dental prescale (P1) and a bite force analyzing system for dental prescale II (P2). The maximum occlusal forces measured by P1 and P2 were compared before cleaning and after cleaning. Next, the relationship between the maximum occlusal force by P1 and maximum occlusal force by P2 was investigated. In addition, comparisons were made between males and females. The maximum occlusal force after cleaning was significantly smaller than before cleaning for both P1 and P2. The reduction rate of the occlusal force was 4.1% for P1 and 25.9% for P2. Significant linearity was observed between the maximum occlusal forces of P1 and P2 (regression linear equation: y = 1.191x − 30.521, r = 0.980, p < 0.001). The maximum occlusal forces measured by P1 and P2 were both significantly larger in males than in females. It was suggested that there was a certain relationship between the maximum occlusal forces measured by dental prescale and dental prescale II, suggesting that it is possible to compare the results of both by applying corrections using a regression equation.

Comparison of two dental prescale systems used for the measurement of occlusal force

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the possibility of objectively evaluating masticatory performance using a portable blood glucose testing device.Methods: First, the glucose concentrations of four types of glucose solutions with known concentrations were measured using a spectrophotometer and portable blood glucose testing device. Next, 20 healthy subjects were asked to chew gummy-jelly for 20 seconds and the amount of glucose extraction was measured. The results for the two devices were compared.Results: The glucose concentration according to the spectrophotometer was very close to the true concentration. On the other hand, the glucose concentration according to the blood glucose testing device was not close to the true value, although a statistically significant linearity was found. In regard to measurement of the amount of glucose extraction, there was a significant difference between the results obtained with the two devices. However, by using a regression line and applying the corrections to the values obtained, the values of the blood glucose testing device could be brought close to the values of the spectrophotometer (y=1.036x−2.491, r=0.994, P<0.01).Conclusion: From these results, it was concluded that, after applying correction, a portable blood glucose testing device could measure the amount of glucose extraction from chewing gummy-jelly as accurately as a spectrophotometer.

/pdf/validation-of-a-portable-blood-glucose-testing-device-in-2skvex4kae.pdf

Masaoki Yokoyama

Papers

Gender difference in masticatory performance in dentate adults.

The Effectiveness of Measuring Glucose Extraction for Estimating Masticatory Performance

Masticatory path pattern during mastication of chewing gum with regard to gender difference.

Comparison of two dental prescale systems used for the measurement of occlusal force

Validation of a Portable Blood Glucose Testing Device in Measuring Masticatory Performance