https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(07)61380-4.pdf

Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with important chronic comorbid diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. The present study analysed data from 20,296 subjects aged > or =45 yrs at baseline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). The sample was stratified based on baseline lung function data, according to modified Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Comorbid disease at baseline and death and hospitalisations over a 5-yr follow-up were then searched for. Lung function impairment was found to be associated with more comorbid disease. In logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, body mass index and education, subjects with GOLD stage 3 or 4 COPD had a higher prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.9), hypertension (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9) and cardiovascular disease (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9-3.0). Comorbid disease was associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation and mortality that was worse in people with impaired lung function. Lung function impairment is associated with a higher risk of comorbid disease, which contributes to a higher risk of adverse outcomes of mortality and hospitalisations.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/32/4/962.full.pdf

Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD.

The association of depression and anxiety with medical symptom burden in patients with chronic medical illness.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major respiratory illness in Canada that is both preventable and treatable Our understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex condition continues to grow and our ability to offer effective treatment to those who suffer from it has improved considerably The purpose of the present educational initiative of the Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) is to provide up to date information on new developments in the field so that patients with this condition will receive optimal care that is firmly based on scientific evidence Since the previous CTS management recommendations were published in 2003, a wealth of new scientific information has become available The implications of this new knowledge with respect to optimal clinical care have been carefully considered by the CTS Panel and the conclusions are presented in the current document Highlights of this update include new epidemiological information on mortality and prevalence of COPD, which charts its emergence as a major health problem for women; a new section on common comorbidities in COPD; an increased emphasis on the meaningful benefits of combined pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies; and a new discussion on the prevention of acute exacerbations A revised stratification system for severity of airway obstruction is proposed, together with other suggestions on how best to clinically evaluate individual patients with this complex disease The results of the largest randomized clinical trial ever undertaken in COPD have recently been published, enabling the Panel to make evidence-based recommendations on the role of modern pharmacotherapy The Panel hopes that these new practice guidelines, which reflect a rigorous analysis of the recent literature, will assist caregivers in the diagnosis and management of this common condition

/pdf/canadian-thoracic-society-recommendations-for-management-of-39yyckfb48.pdf

Canadian Thoracic Society recommendations for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2007 update.

Anxiety and Depression in COPD: Current Understanding, Unanswered Questions, and Research Needs

Anxiety and depression in COPD patients: The roles of gender and disease severity.

http://portalesia.polime.it/allegati_curriculum/8381-252-pubblicazione-1022-Girbino_2009.pdf

Massimo Verga

Papers

Anxiety and depression in COPD patients: The roles of gender and disease severity.

Close correlation between anxiety, depression, and asthma control

The pharmacodynamic effects of single inhaled doses of formoterol, tiotropium and their combination in patients with COPD.

The functional impact of adding salmeterol and tiotropium in patients with stable COPD.

Effect of formoterol, tiotropium, and their combination in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study