Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of participation in a mindfulness meditation‐ based stress reduction program on mood disturbance and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Methods: A randomized, wait-list controlled design was used. A convenience sample of eligible cancer patients enrolled after giving informed consent and were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment condition or a wait-list control condition. Patients completed the Profile of Mood States and the Symptoms of Stress Inventory both before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of a weekly meditation group lasting 1.5 hours for 7 weeks plus home meditation practice. Results: Ninety patients (mean age, 51 years) completed the study. The group was heterogeneous in type and stage of cancer. Patients’ mean preintervention scores on dependent measures were equivalent between groups. After the intervention, patients in the treatment group had significantly lower scores on Total Mood Disturbance and subscales of Depression, Anxiety, Anger, and Confusion and more Vigor than control subjects. The treatment group also had fewer overall Symptoms of Stress; fewer Cardiopulmonary and Gastrointestinal symptoms; less Emotional Irritability, Depression, and Cognitive Disorganization; and fewer Habitual Patterns of stress. Overall reduction in Total Mood Disturbance was 65%, with a 31% reduction in Symptoms of Stress. Conclusions: This program was effective in decreasing mood disturbance and stress symptoms in both male and female patients with a wide variety of cancer diagnoses, stages of illness, and ages. Key words: meditation, cancer, stress, mood, intervention, mindfulness. ANOVA 5 analysis of variance; MANOVA 5 multiple analysis of variance; POMS 5 Profile of Mood States; SOSI 5 Symptoms of Stress Inventory.

/pdf/a-randomized-wait-list-controlled-clinical-trial-the-effect-3h1b84chhd.pdf

A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: the effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients.

BACKGROUND

Complementary/alternative cancer treatments are believed to be prevalent. However, reliable prevalence rates do not exist. The aim of this review was to summarize the existing data on this topic.



METHODS

A series of computerized literature searches was performed to locate all published studies documenting the prevalence of complementary and/or alternative therapy (CAM) use among patients with cancer.



RESULTS

A total of 26 surveys from 13 countries, including 4 studies of pediatric patients, was retrieved. The use of CAM therapies in adult populations ranged from 7-64%. The average prevalence across all adult studies was 31.4%.



CONCLUSIONS

This large degree of variability most likely is due to different understandings of "complementary/alternative medicine" on the part of both investigators and patients. It is likely that the results of the current study reflect the primarily adjunctive use of CAM treatments. Future studies should use a standardized protocol to determine the true prevalence of these therapies more closely. Cancer 1998;83:777-782. © 1998 American Cancer Society.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0142%2819980815%2983%3A4%3C777%3A%3AAID-CNCR22%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O

The prevalence of complementary/alternative medicine in cancer: a systematic review.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationships between a mindfulness-based stress reduction meditation program for early stage breast and prostate cancer patients and quality of life, mood states, stress symptoms, lymphocyte counts, and cytokine production. Methods: Forty-nine patients with breast cancer and 10 with prostate cancer participated in an 8-week MBSR program that incorporated relaxation, meditation, gentle yoga, and daily home practice. Demographic and health behavior variables, quality of life (EORTC QLQ C-30), mood (POMS), stress (SOSI), and counts of NK, NKT, B, T total, T helper, and T cytotoxic cells, as well as NK and T cell production of TNF, IFN-, IL-4, and IL-10 were assessed pre- and postintervention. Results: Fifty-nine and 42 patients were assessed pre- and postintervention, respectively. Significant improvements were seen in overall quality of life, symptoms of stress, and sleep quality. Although there were no significant changes in the overall number of lymphocytes or cell subsets, T cell production of IL-4 increased and IFN- decreased, whereas NK cell production of IL-10 decreased. These results are consistent with a shift in immune profile from one associated with depressive symptoms to a more normal profile. Conclusions: MBSR participation was associated with enhanced quality of life and decreased stress symptoms in breast and prostate cancer patients. This study is also the first to show changes in cancer-related cytokine production associated with program participation.

http://psych415.class.uic.edu/Readings/Carlson,%20Mindfulness%20training%20-%20cancer%20health,%20PsyMed,%202003.pdf

Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress, and immune parameters in breast and prostate cancer outpatients.

Many studies have been conducted about dietary interventions aimed at preventing cancer. The American Cancer Society has published guidelines on diet, nutrition and cancer prevention, which are updated periodically as new evidence emerges, and other groups, too, have issued statements or guidelines about nutritional strategies to prevent cancer. Much less is known, however, about optimal nutrition for cancer survivors. This report looks at the different phases of cancer survivorship, from active treatment to advanced disease, and presents existing evidence from which informed decisions can be made regarding dietary choices. Popular complementary and alternative methods related to dietary intervention are reviewed. Nutrition information is also provided according to common cancer sites. As this is an area that requires survivors and health care providers to communicate effectively, a special section on "frequently asked questions" is provided for use as a patient education handout.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3322/canjclin.51.3.153

Nutrition during and after cancer treatment: a guide for informed choices by cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND

Alternative medicine therapies are estimated to be used by 7–64% of cancer patients but up to 72% do not inform their physician. To the authors' knowledge little useful information is available regarding the prevalence of alternative medicine use by patients with prostate carcinoma. Thus, the authors attempted to evaluate the prevalence of alternative medicine use by prostate carcinoma patients treated with curative intent by either radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy alone, or a combination of brachytherapy and external radiation therapy.



METHODS

Between January 1997 and May 1998, 234 men with clinically localized prostate carcinoma underwent radical prostatectomy (54 patients) or brachytherapy (180 patients) with (74 patients) or without (106 patients) external beam radiation therapy. In July 1998 a questionnaire was mailed to all patients comprised of multiple questions regarding alternative medicine use to which 190 patients (81%) responded. The overall prevalence and types of alternative medicine therapies used were assessed and the relation between age at procedure, pretreatment prostate specific antigen level, clinical stage, pretreatment Gleason score, and type of treatment with the use of alternative medicine therapies was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis.



RESULTS

The prevalence of alternative medicine use by prostate carcinoma patients responding to the survey was 43% (81 of 190 patients). No significant differences in alternative medicine use were observed between the patients who received brachytherapy alone (38%), those who underwent radical prostatectomy (40%), and those treated with combined brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy (51%). Vitamins, prayer or other religious practices, and herbal medicines were the most commonly used therapies in these patients. Higher pretreatment Gleason scores were associated with a greater use of alternative medicine therapies on both multivariate and univariate analyses. Finally, using multivariate analysis, younger prostate carcinoma patients were more likely to use alternative medicine therapies than older patients.



CONCLUSIONS

Alternative medicine use is very prevalent among patients treated for localized prostate carcinoma. Because some of these treatments may have a potential biologic impact on tumor behavior and, consequently, on definitive or surrogate therapeutic endpoints, patients should be questioned carefully regarding alternative medicine use during routine tumor follow-up. Cancer 1999;86:2642–8. © 1999 American Cancer Society.

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0142%2819991215%2986%3A12%3C2642%3A%3AAID-CNCR8%3E3.0.CO%3B2-4

Masson

Papers

Alternative and complementary.