There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

Supply risk evolution of raw materials for batteries and fossil fuels for selected OECD countries (2000-2018)

N,N-Dimethylpyrrolidoium hydroxide (P11 OH) with polymer poly(tetramethyl ammonium acrylate) (PTMA) was investigated as an electrolyte in Ni/MH cells in this work. The efficiency and the performance of the electrolyte was discussed and elucidated with the performance of the cell. Their electrochemical characteristics had been investigated at different temperatures (25 °C and 50 °C) and different discharge current (15 mA g−1 and 30 mA g−1). The results show that the cell with electrolyte polymer-P11OH is dischargeable at these two temperatures, and a discharge capacity of 142 mAh g−1 at 25 °C has been obtained.

Potential application of solid electrolyte P11OH in Ni/MH batteries

Dental Ceramics. Microstructure, Properties and Degradation Series: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering - Libros de Medicina - Odontologia - 51,95

Dental Ceramics. Microstructure, Properties and Degradation Series: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

Les terres rares (TR) sont aujourd’hui les « vitamines » des nouvelles technologies, elles se retrouvent dans tous les objets technologiques du quotidien et contribuent notablement au developpement d’energies vertes principalement par l’intermediaire d’aimants permanents a base de terres rares (APTR). Ces derniers, de type NdFeB ou SmCo, representent actuellement plus de 50 % du marche des TR et offrent un fort potentiel de recyclage. La presente etude se concentre sur le recyclage et la valorisation des APTR, principalement grâce au developpement de l’electrochimie en milieu liquide ionique (LI) qui permet d’atteindre les potentiels de reduction des TR (< -2 V vs. ENH). Samarium, neodyme, dysprosium, praseodyme et cobalt ont effectivement ete electrodeposes dans [C1C4Pyrr][Tf2N] suivant une methode potentiometrique a 25 °C et sur une electrode de carbone vitreux.Deux methodes globales de recyclage sont finalement proposees et ont ete appliquees a des APTR industriels. La premiere est entierement electrochimique. Elle est basee sur une phase d’electrodissolution de l’APTR dans le LI puis d’une electrodeposition selective permettant de recuperer les metaux de transition. Une electrodeposition des TR est ensuite envisageable. La deuxieme methode s’appuie sur une lixiviation acide afin de separer efficacement les metaux de transition des TR grâce a la formation de sels phosphates. Une dissolution des sels obtenus dans un LI permettrait ensuite d’electrodeposer les ions metalliques.

Vers une méthode de recyclage et de valorisation des aimants permanents à base de terres rares par électrochimie en milieux liquides ioniques

Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are currently dominating the market of energy storage in hybrid electric vehicles. 1 billion cells are estimated to be produced each year. In their end-of-life, these electronical wastes exhibit low recycling rates, despite the fact that NiMH batteries contain high amounts of valuable and strategic metals. Two main metal families coexist as an intermetallic compound in negative electrodes: transition metals (TM) (Ni, Co, Mn and Fe) and rare earth elements (REE) (La, Ce, Nd and Pr). Among TM, cobalt exhibits the highest criticality rate. Indeed, natural ores will not cover the increasing cobalt demand linked to emerging technologies. REE produced at more than 97 % in China are at the centre of European Union’s preoccupations. To tackle economic and environmental issues, this project, supported by the labex CEMAM is a partnership between the company Recupyl® and the academic laboratory LEPMI. It aims at investigating on low environmental impact routes for the recycling of metals present in real spent NiMH batteries. This requires the replacement of volatile organic compounds by ionic liquids, respecting the principles of ‘green chemistry’. Based on innovative extraction and recovery processes of elements by hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry, we propose a flowsheet for the valorisation of metals from those batteries.

Matthieu Gras

Papers

Recycling of metals from NiMH batteries : development of liquid-liquid selective extractions based on ionic liquids