Scope and performance of artificial intelligence technology in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical decision-making - A systematic review.

The last decennary has marked as the breakthrough in the advancement of technology with evolution of artificial intelligence, which is rapidly gaining the attention of researchers across the globe. Every field opted artificial intelligence with huge enthusiasm and so the field of dental science is no exception. With huge increases in patient documented information and data this is the need of the hour to use intelligent software to compile and save this data. From the basic step of taking a patient's history to data processing and then to extract the information from the data for diagnosis, artificial intelligence has many applications in dental and medical science. While in no case artificial intelligence can replace the role of a dental surgeon but it is important to be acquainted with the scope to amalgamate this advancement of technology in future for betterment of dental practice.

Present and future of artificial intelligence in dentistry

Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthodontics: a scoping review

This work presents an application of the paraconsistent artificial neural network (PANN) in the analysis of cephalometric variables and provides an orthodontic diagnosis. An expert's analysis is subject to the inherent imprecision of measurements, registers, and individual variability of physician visual analysis. Patient input cephalometric values are compared with means drawn from individuals considered normal in the cephalometric point of view by the PANN. This reference is constituted by individuals from 6 to 18 years old, both genders. The applied cephalometric analysis was targeted to measure skeletal and dental discrepancies and established a cephalometric diagnosis. The analysis results in degrees of skeletal, anteroposterior, and dental discrepancy, pertinent to upper and lower incisors. A sample of 120 orthodontic patients was processed by the proposed model and three orthodontic experts. Comparisons between the model and the human expert's performance provided kappa indexes that varied from moderate to almost perfect agreement. The agreement between the model and specialist's performance was equivalent. In addition, the model pointed out contradictions presented in the data that were not noticed by the orthodontists, which highlight the contribution that this kind of system could carry out in the orthodontics decision support.

Paraconsistent artificial neural network as auxiliary in cephalometric diagnosis.

The reliability of artificial neural network in locating minor apical foramen: a cadaver study.

Paraconsistent artificial neural network (PANN) is a mathematical structure based on paraconsistent logic, which allows dealing with uncertainties and contradictions. In this paper we propose an application of PANN to analyze cephalometric measurements in order to support orthodontics diagnostics. Orthodontic and cephalometrical analysis taking into account several uncertainties and contradictions, ideal scenario to be treated by paraconsistent approach.

Maurício Conceição Mário

Papers

Paraconsistent artificial neural network as auxiliary in cephalometric diagnosis.

Paraconsistent artificial neural network: an application in cephalometric analysis