This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in data-based techniques focused on modern industrial applications. As one of the hottest research topics for complicated processes, the data-based techniques have been rapidly developed over the past two decades and widely used in numerous industrial sectors nowadays. The core of data-based techniques is to take full advantage of the huge amounts of available process data, aiming to acquire the useful information within. Compared with the well-developed model-based approaches, data-based techniques provide efficient alternative solutions for different industrial issues under various operating conditions. The main objective of this paper is to review and summarize the recent achievements in data-based techniques, especially for complicated industrial applications, thus providing a referee for further study on the related topics both from academic and practical points of view. This paper begins with a brief evolutionary overview of data-based techniques in the last two decades. Then, the methodologies only based on process measurements and the model-data integrated techniques will be further introduced. The recent developments for modern industrial applications are, respectively, presented mainly from perspectives of monitoring and control. The new trends of data-based technique as well as potential application fields are finally discussed.

Data-Based Techniques Focused on Modern Industry: An Overview

With the developments and applications of the new information technologies, such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, a smart manufacturing era is coming. At the same time, various national manufacturing development strategies have been put forward, such as Industry 4.0 , Industrial Internet , manufacturing based on Cyber-Physical System , and Made in China 2025 . However, one of specific challenges to achieve smart manufacturing with these strategies is how to converge the manufacturing physical world and the virtual world, so as to realize a series of smart operations in the manufacturing process, including smart interconnection, smart interaction, smart control and management, etc. In this context, as a basic unit of manufacturing, shop-floor is required to reach the interaction and convergence between physical and virtual spaces, which is not only the imperative demand of smart manufacturing, but also the evolving trend of itself. Accordingly, a novel concept of digital twin shop-floor (DTS) based on digital twin is explored and its four key components are discussed, including physical shop-floor, virtual shop-floor, shop-floor service system, and shop-floor digital twin data. What is more, the operation mechanisms and implementing methods for DTS are studied and key technologies as well as challenges ahead are investigated, respectively.

Digital Twin Shop-Floor: A New Shop-Floor Paradigm Towards Smart Manufacturing

An industrial control network is a system of interconnected equipment used to monitor and control physical equipment in industrial environments. These networks differ quite significantly from traditional enterprise networks due to the specific requirements of their operation. Despite the functional differences between industrial and enterprise networks, a growing integration between the two has been observed. The technology in use in industrial networks is also beginning to display a greater reliance on Ethernet and web standards, especially at higher levels of the network architecture. This has resulted in a situation where engineers involved in the design and maintenance of control networks must be familiar with both traditional enterprise concerns, such as network security, as well as traditional industrial concerns such as determinism and response time. This paper highlights some of the differences between enterprise and industrial networks, presents a brief history of industrial networking, gives a high level explanation of some operations specific to industrial networks, provides an overview of the popular protocols in use and describes current research topics. The purpose of this paper is to serve as an introduction to industrial control networks, aimed specifically at those who have had minimal exposure to the field, but have some familiarity with conventional computer networks.

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Introduction to Industrial Control Networks

Monitoring the “physics” of cyber-physical systems to detect attacks is a growing area of research. In its basic form, a security monitor creates time-series models of sensor readings for an industrial control system and identifies anomalies in these measurements to identify potentially false control commands or false sensor readings. In this article, we review previous work on physics-based anomaly detection based on a unified taxonomy that allows us to identify limitations and unexplored challenges and to propose new solutions.

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A Survey of Physics-Based Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems

After more than ten years of experience with applications of fieldbus in automation technology, the industry has started to develop and adopt Real-Time Ethernet (RTE) solutions. There already exists now more than ten proposed solutions. International Electrotechnical Commission standards are trying to give a guideline and selection criteria based on recognized indicators for the user.

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Real-Time Ethernet - Industry Prospective

Nowadays, computer systems are presented in almost all types of human activity and they support any kind of industry as well Most of these systems are distributed where the communication between nodes is based on computer networks of any kind Connectivity between system components is the key issue when designing distributed systems, especially systems of industrial informatics The industrial area requires a wide range of computer communication means, particularly time-constrained and safety-enhancing ones From fieldbus and industrial Ethernet technologies through wireless and internet-working solutions to standardization issues, there are many aspects of computer networks uses and many interesting research domains Lots of them are quite sophisticated or even unique The main goal of this paper is to present the survey of the latest trends in the communication domain of industrial distributed systems and to emphasize important questions as dependability, and standardization Finally, the general assessment and estimation of the future development is provided The presentation is based on the abstract description of dataflow within a system

Computer Communication Within Industrial Distributed Environment—a Survey

Understanding the structure of fieldbus standards means knowing their history. This paper reviews the evolution of international fieldbus standards in the area of industrial automation and demonstrates how the present situation of the IEC 61158 standard with its 18 different fieldbus systems came about. While the fieldbus standards seem to have reached a stable state, the upcoming application of Ethernet in the field of automation might create a similar conflict potential. We discuss the current status of Industrial Ethernet and the related standardization efforts.

The fieldbus war: history or short break between battles?

Roughly two years after the end of the fieldbus war, the IEC TC65 has started a new standardization project. The definition of a real-time Ethernet standard is a logical consequence of the introduction of Ethernet in industrial automation. Currently, several vendors have already introduced their approaches on the market or have at least finished specification. This paper gives an overview of the various Ethernet-related activities in IEC TC65, specifically cabling, real-time, safety, and security issues. It reviews the candidates for standardization and tries to investigate the chances of a new fieldbus war.

Standardization of industrial Ethernet - the next battlefield?

The paper gives an overview of the communication architectures adopted in the industrial automation for the electrical drives, ensuring a fast data exchange and high performance control. An attempt is made at defining real-time operation for this application field, at reviewing the standardization work done to unify the electrical drive interfaces, and at encompassing the recently accepted solutions, including those based on the industrial Ethernet.

Max Felser

Papers

Real-Time Ethernet - Industry Prospective

Computer Communication Within Industrial Distributed Environment—a Survey

The fieldbus war: history or short break between battles?

Standardization of industrial Ethernet - the next battlefield?

Communication architectures for electrical drives