Maxia Dong

TL;DR: The persistent graded relationship between the ACE score and initiation of drug use for 4 successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 suggests that the effects of adverse childhood experiences transcend secular changes such as increased availability of drugs, social attitudes toward drugs, and recent massive expenditures and public information campaigns to prevent drug use.

TL;DR: The study provides strong evidence that ACEs are interrelated rather than occurring independently, and collecting information about exposure to other ACEs is advisable for studies that focus on the consequences of a specific ACE.

TL;DR: A dose-response relation of ACEs to IHD and a relation between almost all individual ACEs and IHD is found and psychological factors appear to be more important than traditional risk factors in mediating the relation ofACEs to the risk of IHD.

TL;DR: Research showing detrimental and lasting neurobiologic effects of child abuse on the developing brain provides a plausible explanation for the consistency and dose-response relationships found for each health problem across birth cohorts, despite changing secular influences.

TL;DR: Findings strongly indicate that boys and girls are vulnerable to this form of childhood maltreatment; the similarity in the likelihood for multiple behavioral, mental, and social outcomes among men and women suggests the need to identify and treat all adults affected by CSA.