Over the last two decades, moves toward ‘inclusion’ have prompted change in the formation of education policies, schooling structures and pedagogical practice. Yet, exclusion through the categorisation and segregation of students with diverse abilities has grown, particularly for students with challenging behaviour. This paper considers what has happened to inclusive education by focusing on three educational jurisdictions known to be experiencing different rates of growth in the identification of special educational needs: New South Wales (Australia), Alberta (Canada) and Finland (Europe). In our analysis, we consider the effects of competing policy forces that appear to thwart the development of inclusive schools in two of our case study regions.

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Wherefore art thou, inclusion? Analysing the development of inclusive education in New South Wales, Alberta and Finland

In recent decades, there has been a wide-ranging global movement towards constitutional review. This development poses important puzzles of political economy: Why would self-interested governments willingly constrain themselves by constitutional means? What explains the global shift towards judicial supremacy? Though different theories have been proposed, none have been systematically tested against each other using quantitative empirical methods. In this paper we utilize a unique new dataset on constitutional review for 204 countries for the period 1781-2011 to test various theories that explain the adoption of constitutional review. Using a fixed effects spatial lag model, we find substantial evidence that the adoption of constitutional review is driven by domestic electoral politics. By contrast, we find no general evidence that constitutional review adoption results from ideational factors, federalism, or international norm diffusion.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2322914_code1293257.pdf?abstractid=2319363&mirid=1

Why Do Countries Adopt Constitutional Review

Weight-related issues (including excess weight, disordered eating and body concerns) are often considered as comprising distinct domains of ‘obesity’ and ‘eating disorders’. In this commentary we argue that the concept of weight bias is an important variable when considering wellbeing across the spectrum of weight-related issues. We make the following six points in support of this argument: i) weight bias is common and has adverse health consequences, ii) shaming individuals for their body weight does not motivate positive behaviour change, iii) internalized weight bias is particularly problematic, iv) public health interventions, if not carefully thought out, can perpetuate weight bias, v) weight bias is a manifestation of social inequity, and vi) action on weight bias requires an upstream, population-level approach. To achieve sustainable reductions in weight bias at a population level, substantive modifications and collaborative efforts in multiple settings must be initiated. We provide several examples of population-level interventions to reduce weight bias.

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Weight bias: a call to action.

Victimization through the Internet is becoming more prevalent as cyber criminals have developed more effective ways to remain anonymous. And as more personal information than ever is stored on networked computers, even the occasional or non-user is at risk. A collection of contributions from worldwide experts and emerging researchers, Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior explores todays interface of computer science, Internet science, and criminology. Topics discussed include: The growing menace of cyber crime in Nigeria Internet gambling and digital piracy Sexual addiction on the Internet, child pornography, and online exploitation of children Terrorist use of the Internet Cyber stalking and cyber bullying The victimization of women on social networking websites Malware victimization and hacking The Islamic world in cyberspace and the propagation of Islamic ideology via the Internet Human rights concerns that the digital age has created Approaching the topic from a social science perspective, the book explores methods for determining the causes of computer crime victimization by examining an individuals lifestyle patterns. It also publishes the findings of a study conducted on college students about online victimization. Advances in information and communications technologies have created a range of new crime problems that did not exist two decades ago. Opportunities for various criminal activities to pervade the Internet have led to the growth and development of cyber criminology as a distinct discipline within the criminology framework. This volume explores all aspects of this nascent field and provides a window on the future of Internet crimes and theories behind their origins. K. Jaishankar was the General Chair of the First International Conference of the South Asian Society of Criminology and Victimology (SASCV), held January 15-17, 2011 at the Hotel Jaipur Greens in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

/pdf/cyber-criminology-exploring-internet-crimes-and-criminal-3eatbthj7x.pdf

Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal Behavior

1 Foreword Early Learning for Every Child Today: A Framework for Ontario's Early Childhood Settings describes how young children learn and develop and provides a guide for curriculum in Ontario's early childhood settings, including child care centres, regulated home child care, nursery schools, kindergarten, Ontario Early Years Centres, family resource programs, parenting centres, readiness centres, family literacy, child development programs in CAPC, Healthy Babies Healthy Children and early intervention services. It is intended to complement, not replace, the Ontario Day Nurseries Act, Ontario Early Years Centre guidelines and the Kindergarten Program. Early Learning for Every Child Today is prepared for use by early childhood practitioners-early childhood educators, parenting workers, kindergarten teachers, family support staff, early interventionists, home care visitors-and other caregivers who are working in early childhood settings. The individuals who were invited by the Minister of Children and Youth Services to participate on the Panel, appreciated the opportunity to share their expertise and support the Ontario government's Best Start vision. Dr. Pat Dickinson prepared the international curriculum framework review that guided the Panel's work (see Appendix 1) and made significant contributions to the development of Early Learning for Every Child Today. The Panel received knowledgeable and responsive support from Karen Chandler, Lynne Livingstone and the rest of the Best Start team at the Ministry of Children and Youth Services. The collaborative relationship among Ministry staff and panel members were essential to the completion of this document. The Panel also benefited from the participation of representatives from the Ministry of Education and the Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat. 2 The Early Learning for Every Child Today is based on an extensive review of early childhood curriculum and pedagogy in Canada and internationally, research findings, and the collective professional expertise of the Panel members.

http://digilib.umpalopo.ac.id:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/374/1/buku%20paud%20baruu.pdf

Early Learning for Every Child Today : A framework for Ontario early childhood settings

Can human rights and freedoms be guaranteed by writing them into a state's constitution? Adopted in 1982, the Canadian Charter— influenced by the US Bill of Rights and the creation of the UN system—aims to do just this. Judge Maxwell Cohen finds the Charter a quite coherent effort to state new ‘rights’ and restate old principles which gives judges a vital role in moulding public policy.

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Maxwell Cohen

Papers

The Canadian charter of rights and freedoms