This survey provides an in-depth analysis of the different proposals for Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTNs). We introduce the DTN architecture and classify VDTN proposals according to the type of knowledge needed to route messages. This classification also includes some Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) protocols originally designed for Opportunistic Networks to illustrate the evolution from Opportunistic DTN protocols to VDTN protocols. We also identify a set of common mechanisms that can be applied to almost all the VDTN protocols, heavily influencing their performance. Finally, we present some applications where VDTNs can be applicable and evaluate the suitability of the different proposals for each specific application. Moreover, this survey is not only limited to describing the different protocols but also focuses on the reproducibility and repeatability of experiments. With this in mind, we also review the evaluation methods used by VDTN researchers. We identify a lack of realism in most of the simulation models used by the VDTN research community, providing certain guidelines to address this issue.

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DTN Protocols for Vehicular Networks: An Application Oriented Overview

Vehicular communication networks is a powerful tool that enables numerous vehicular data services and applications. The rapid growth in vehicles has also resulted in the vehicular network becoming heterogeneous, dynamic, and large-scale, making it hard to meet the strict requirements, such as extremely latency, high mobility, top security, and enormous connections of the fifth-generation network. Previous studies have shown that with the increase in the application of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) on Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) in industries, researchers have exerted considerable efforts to improve vehicular communications. This study presents an exhaustive review of previous works by classifying them based on based on wireless communication, particularly VANET. First, a concise summary of the VANET structure and SDN controller with layers and details of their infrastructure is provided. Second, a description of SDN-VANET applications in different wireless communications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and VANET is provided with concentration on the examination and comparison of SDN-VANET works on several parameters. This paper also provides a detailed analysis of the open issues and research directions accomplished while integrating the VANET with SDN. It also highlights the current and emerging technologies with use cases in vehicular networks to address the several challenges in the VANET infrastructure. This survey acts as a catalyst in raising the emergent robustness routing protocol, latency, connectivity and security issues of future SDN-VANET architectures.

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A Comprehensive Survey: Benefits, Services, Recent Works, Challenges, Security, and Use Cases for SDN-VANET

A comparative study on routing protocols for VANETs.

The extended Mobile Ad-hoc Network architecture is a paramount research domain due to a wide enhancement of smart phone and open source Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV technology. The novelty of the current work is to design a disaster aware mobility modeling for a Flying Ad-hoc network infrastructure, where the UAV group is considered as nodes of such ecosystem. This can perform a collaborative task of a message relay, where the mobility modeling under a "Post Disaster" is the main subject of interest, which is proposed with a multi-UAV prototype test bed. The impact of various parameters like UAV node attitude, geometric dilution precision of satellite, Global Positioning System visibility, and real life atmospheric upon the mobility model is analyzed. The results are mapped with the realistic disaster situation. A cluster based mobility model using the map oriented navigation of nodes is emulated with the prototype test bed.

A Disaster Management Specific Mobility Model for Flying Ad-hoc Network

The increasing number of on road vehicles has become a major cause for congestion, accidents and pollution. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) might be the key to achieve solutions that help in reducing these problems significantly. The connected vehicular networks stream is a rapidly growing field for research and development of various real-time applications. In this paper, novel techniques have been proposed to serve the speed based lane changing, collision avoidance and time of arrival (TOA) based localization in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). As GPS requires clear line-of-sight for accurate services of positioning and localization applications, we designed a Time of Arrival (ToA) based algorithm for areas where strong GPS signals are unavailable. Collision avoidance using automatic braking and camera-based surveillance are a few other applications that we addressed. The feasibility and the viability of the algorithms were demonstrated through simulations in Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) and Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). We prototyped a working hardware and tested it on actual vehicles to assess the effectiveness of the proposed system. We designed a mobile app interface for the on-board unit for smart, efficient and remote traffic monitoring. The integrated VANET Cloud Computing architecture acts as the platform for the proposed applications.

Smart vehicle monitoring and assistance using cloud computing in vehicular Ad Hoc networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a new technology which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to road side infrastructure, called V2I. The existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenarios. Thus design of an efficient routing protocol has taken significant attention. So, it is very necessary to identify the pros and cons of routing protocols which can be used for further improvement or development of any new routing protocol. This paper presents the pros and cons of VANET routing protocols for inter vehicle communication.

/pdf/vanet-routing-protocols-pros-and-cons-1ivxkz09z6.pdf

VANET Routing Protocols: Pros and Cons

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a new technology which has taken enormous attention in the recent years. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data among vehicles, called V2V or vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to road side infrastructure, called V2I. The existing routing protocols for VANET are not efficient to meet every traffic scenarios. Thus design of an efficient routing protocol has taken significant attention. So, it is very necessary to identify the pros and cons of routing protocols which can be used for further improvement or development of any new routing protocol. This paper presents the pros and cons of VANET routing protocols for inter vehicle communication.

ehicular adhoc network or VANET is special types of adhoc network consists of moving cars referred to as nodes; provide a way to exchange any information between cars without depending on fixed infrastructure. For efficient communication between nodes various routing protocols and mobility models have been proposed based on different scenarios. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to select suitable mobility model and routing protocols. Hence performance evaluation and comparison between routing protocols is required to understand any routing protocol as well as to develop a new routing protocol. In this research paper, the performance of two on-demand routing protocols AODV & DSR has been analyzed by means of packet delivery ratio, loss packet ratio & average end-to-end delay with varying speed limit and node density under TCP & CBR connection.

/pdf/experimental-analysis-of-aodv-dsr-over-tcp-cbr-connections-3ooo7ckry2.pdf

Experimental Analysis of AODV & DSR over TCP & CBR Connections with Varying Speed and Node Density in VANET

Since the very early times of humanity, long before the advent of spoken language, signs and gestures have been in use for communication. Although sign languages are used to bridge the gap wherever vocal communication is impossible, for example to communicate with deaf and mute people as well as with the machines, or difficult if there is a language barrier between the two speakers, there is no optimal work of recognizing sign language in any language as sign languages are vary from country to country. Like any other country Bangladeshi deaf and mute people use their own sign language but unfortunately there are very few works to recognize the sign language which makes the interaction between general and deaf and mute people more tough. In this paper, we proposed an efficient scheme for hand gesture used for Bangla vowel and consonant character recognition in real time adopted by deaf and mute community in Bangladesh. After taking video via webcam as input, hand region is detected by skin color segmentation followed by converting the selected frame into YCbCr. Afterward some preprocessing steps are applied on the image to acquire the region of interest, Hu moment invariants are used to extract features and later on classification and recognizing the character are done by Support Vector Machine (SVM). To use this proposed method as an interpreter for the sign languages of other races no major modifications are required except that the training set should be enriched with desired sign

/pdf/real-time-hand-gesture-recognition-for-bangla-character-5eb0qltgwc.pdf

Real Time Hand Gesture Recognition for Bangla Character using SVM Classifier

Vehicular adhoc network or VANET is special types of adhoc network consists of moving cars referred to as nodes; provide a way to exchange any information between cars without depending on fixed infrastructure. For efficient communication between nodes various routing protocols and mobility models have been proposed based on different scenarios. Due to rapid topology changing and frequent disconnection makes it difficult to select suitable mobility model and routing protocols. Hence performance evaluation and comparison between routing protocols is required to understand any routing protocol as well as to develop a new routing protocol. In this research paper, the performance of two on-demand routing protocols AODV & DSR has been analyzed by means of packet delivery ratio, loss packet ratio & average end-to-end delay with varying speed limit and node density under TCP & CBR connection.

Md. Ibrahim

Papers

VANET Routing Protocols: Pros and Cons

VANET Routing Protocols: Pros and Cons

Experimental Analysis of AODV & DSR over TCP & CBR Connections with Varying Speed and Node Density in VANET

Real Time Hand Gesture Recognition for Bangla Character using SVM Classifier

Experimental Analysis of AODV & DSR over TCP & CBR Connections with Varying Speed and Node Density in VANET