impressions: Affection-based appreciation Visitors showed impressions on greenway activities in three main aspects. The first one is the “natural beauty appreciation”. People were impressed by the wild animals and the authentic nature (e.g. trees, water, sunshine, flowers and natural sounds), which were in strong contrast to the high-rise building landscape in daily life. People got close to nature and travelled in slow pace so that the details of the nature were appreciated, and romantic moments were recorded in their minds. As the participant HZ43 described: “I remembered the road where we encountered. I rode back slowly. I felt it was very beautiful. In this season there [Hangzhou], the leaves turned into the light green. It was pretty. You know, in Guangzhou where I worked now. I cannot see leaves in that spring color” (HZ43P). This moment would be an unforgettable life envision with happy and hope to recall in future. The meaning behind is not just nature and greenway trip, but the discovery of beauty in life. Secondly, abundant “physical exercises and entertainments” were mentioned in follow-up interviews. Similar to the on-site discussion, cycling was the most popular one to be mentioned. Notably, it is the group cycling with family members and friends that people preferred because it represented happy memories with others: “I shared the cycling experience with my wife after I returned home. Because I felt cycling together on Qiandao Lake Greenway was enjoyable. Particularly the weather was good to support. I told her this thing” (HZ47P). Other outdoor entertainments like kite flying, BBQ and games contained the same meaning so that they were still appreciated after trips. Walking along the greenways was also an impressive activity due to the peaceful and interesting moments it brought to visitors. It could be concluded that physical exercises became memorable with affection attached to it. The last type of activities inscribed in visitors’ minds is the “self-immersed thinking”. They appreciated the space and time that greenway trips provided for free thinking on past, current and future life: “I dreamed there and thought where I would be in future. When I had an overview of the city, I thought where I would work and where I would live, things like that” (SZ01P). In high-paced daily routine, it was really luxury for people to spare time for pure thinking without distractions.

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From greenway to sustainable tourism : experiential learning

Article history: Received April 12, 2023 Received in revised format May 18, 2023 Accepted June 1

Taxation and customs strategies in Jordanian supply chain management: Shaping sustainable design and driving environmental responsibility

Online presence is fast becoming a marketing hub for contemporary businesses. Often known as digital marketing, the phenomenon offers several opportunities to businesses. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are using their online presence to launch stern competitive promotions and interact with consumers. Against the backdrop of the stern competition, digital marketing is being utilized to drive sustainable strategies for SMEs. This study leverages the theory of planned behavior to explore the impact of digital marketing adoption on the sustainable growth of SMEs in Ghana. Using a structured questionnaire and SmartPLS version 3.3 for the data analysis, 533 owners/managers of SMEs in Ghana were drawn to administer the questionnaire. Our findings suggest that, while attitudes toward digital marketing did not influence the intention to use digital marketing, perceived behavior control and subjective norms were found to affect individuals’ intentions to use digital marketing. Additionally, the results proved a direct positive link between subjective norms and actual behavioral use of digital marketing. Finally, the relationship between the actual use of digital marketing and SMEs’ sustainable growth was also proven positive, affirming that digital marketing significantly improved the sustainable growth of SMEs in developing countries. This study contributes to the multiplicity of factors that influence the behavioral tendencies of managers of firms in their quest to adopt digital platforms to enhance their sustainable growth. The study’s results serve as guidelines for prospective adopters of digital platforms as they develop their sustainability strategies.

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The Effect of Digital Marketing Adoption on SMEs Sustainable Growth: Empirical Evidence from Ghana

Parents play a crucial role in the full development of the child. Parents are the child's first role model that influences them in the basic values, like religious values, and issues related to their future, like educational choices that will tend to prevent them from engaging in illegal activities. This study was conducted to determine the lived experiences of parents with children at risk in Barangay Carangan, Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. It is a phenomenological study where the researchers made interview guide questions to gather data on the parents' lived experiences. The study was conducted on randomly selected parents with at-risk children in Barangay Carangan, Ozamiz City. Moreover, seven parents with children at risk were purposely selected to be part of the research study participants. The participants were selected with the criteria where Parents of a Child at Risk/custody of the child in Barangay Carangan, Ozamiz City, have difficulties coping with their child at risk and are willing to participate in the study. Four themes were identified in the study: Emotionally Stressed, Parental Acceptance, Giving a Child at Risk Effective and Positive Discipline, and Proper Parenting Approach. The study's findings show that most parents with children at risk experienced emotional stress, parental acceptance, giving their child at risk effective and positive discipline, and proper parenting approach. However, some Children at Risk tend not to listen to their parent's advice and choose to be with their peers or groups prone to committing illegal acts. Through this, the parents will have ni choice but to accept their children's decisions. Even though their child committed illegal acts, they still gave effective and positive discipline with a proper parenting approach in handling their child at risk. Therefore, it was recommended that Parents with Child At Risk in Barangay Carangan, Ozamiz City, continue to give effective and positive discipline in handling with risky behavior of their children at risk to avoid them and prevent them from committing other illegal acts. Moreover, parents encouraged children to always follow and listen to their parent's advice to avoid and prevent them from committing or engaging in another illegal act because if the child at risk is disciplined and making their current situation as their teacher, it can reduce the burden of emotional stressed of the parents and that will create a healthy environment for them

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Lived Experiences of Parents with Child at Risk

Traditional nonintrusive object inspection methods are complex or extremely expensive to apply in certain cases, such as inspection of enormous objects, underwater or maritime inspection, an unobtrusive inspection of a crowded place, etc. With the latest advances in robotics, autonomous self-driving vehicles could be applied for this task. The present study is devoted to a review of the existing and novel technologies and methods of using autonomous self-driving vehicles for nonintrusive object inspection. Both terrestrial and maritime self-driving vehicles, their typical construction, sets of sensors, and software algorithms used for implementing self-driving motion were analyzed. The standard types of sensors used for nonintrusive object inspection in security checks at the control points, which could be successfully implemented at self-driving vehicles, along with typical areas of implementation of such vehicles, were reviewed, analyzed, and classified.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/20/7914/pdf?version=1666077962

The Use of Terrestrial and Maritime Autonomous Vehicles in Nonintrusive Object Inspection

Severe abuse of social media has currently become a threat to social sustainability. Although “responsible use of social media” has recently attracted academics’ attention, few studies have investigated the psychosocial antecedents of individuals’ intention to use social media responsibly (IUSR). Therefore, the current study tested whether attitudes, self-control, and prosocial norms (ASP) can positively and significantly predict social media users’ IUSR. To this end, the theoretical interrelationships among ASP were explored, and an initial pool of items was developed by reviewing the relevant literature. Then, the items were selected based on a panel of experts’ content validity test. An online questionnaire was used to survey university student social media users (n = 226) in Bangladesh. PLSc-SEM and CB-SEM bootstrapping, followed by an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis, were completed to evaluate the measurement and structural models. Current results show that the three elements of ASP strongly correlate with and significantly influence each other, but attitude and prosocial norms partially mediate the relationships between the antecedents and intention. The predictors in the proposed model substantially predict and explain IUSR, which is supported by results of relevant past studies in different disciplines. Thus, the model expresses its applicability as a modified theory of planned behavior (TPB) in researching individuals’ social media behavior. The study has implications for relevant stakeholders to take crucial measures to promote more responsible use of social media. Limitations and avenues for future study are also presented.

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Attitude, Self-Control, and Prosocial Norm to Predict Intention to Use Social Media Responsibly: From Scale to Model Fit towards a Modified Theory of Planned Behavior


Purpose
In spite of the increased interest of academics, there has not been a thorough examination of the actors and factors of accessible tourism (AT) development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between stakeholders’ attitudes, collaborative intervention and corporate sustainability and responsibility (CS&R) and the implementation of accessible tourism (IAT).


Design/methodology/approach
Focus group discussion, an expert content validity test and structural equation modelling were all used as part of a mixed-methods approach. At the longest sea beach in the world, located in Bangladesh, data was collected from the tourism stakeholders using an on-site questionnaire survey.


Findings
Stakeholders’ attitude is significantly related to their collaborative intervention, but accessibility inclusive corporate substantiality and responsibility (AICSR) mediates the relationships between attitude and implementation, as well as collaborative intervention and implementation. As a result, AICSR is identified as a key driver in the IAT.


Research limitations/implications
Purposive sampling was used to select stakeholders from Bangladesh’s most popular tourist destination. Nonetheless, the statistically valid model of this exploratory study can be tested for generalization in other contexts with a large sample size. The findings will bring diverse stakeholders to light and encourage barrier-free tourist growth that could improve the destinations’ comparative advantage and competitiveness.


Originality/value
This study is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, one of the first studies to use rigorous quantitative methods to investigate AT implementation with a focus on CS&R. It adds to the existing AT literature by providing a scale and model of IAT while highlighting the extent to which AT can be implemented within CS&R.


Stakeholders’ perception of accessible tourism implementation based on corporate sustainability and responsibility: a SEM-based investigation

This research examined tourists’ intention to adopt responsible behavior (RB). Toward this, two constructs of determinants (attitude and self-efficacy belief) of intention to adopt RB were identified through literature surveys. Also, three constructs of RB alternatives, namely, economically RB (ECNRB), environmentally RB (ENVRB), and socio-culturally RB (SCLRB), were identified through a focus group discussion. A self-administrated questionnaire was surveyed among 351 professionals in Bangladesh. Confirmatory factor analysis of both the independent and dependent variables was done prior to employing them in the structured equation model to validate the model and test the hypotheses. The research found that in Bangladesh, the self-efficacy belief influences tourists’ intention to choose RB more than the attitude does, but their influences on tourists’ intention to adopt ECNRB, ENVRB, or SCLRB are varied. Moreover, tourists were found to have less intention to adopt ECNRB than ENVRB and SCLRB. For the policy makers or promoters of responsible tourism (RT), those who want to promote any kind of RB in Bangladesh need to increase self-efficacy belief among tourists. The policy makers need to develop themes around tourists’ positive experience, emotional and physiological states along with verbal persuasion in their communication messages (Bandura, 1997) and in any kind of interpretations at the destination whilst targeting a particular market segment.

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The Influence of Tourists’ Attitude and Self-efficacy Belief in Adopting Responsible Behavior in Bangladesh

Although many studies have been conducted on social media abuse, socio-psychological determinants of positive social media usage are still underresearched, specifically concerning self-control and prosocial norms for university students. These two important antecedents of accountable behavior have not been thoroughly studied in developing countries. Therefore, the current study investigated university students’ perceptions of self-control and prosocial norms and determined whether they co-exist and are associated with intended behavior and desired beneficial usage. This study modified measurement items adopted from previous studies to fit the current context. A social media survey was conducted through Facebook Messenger among students from a public university in Bangladesh. 226 voluntary responses were recorded based on purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS and  SmartPLS 4. Descriptive statistics were analyzed. Hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling technique, whereas the differential effects of gender and social media platforms were tested using ANOVA. The findings demonstrate that university students value self-control and prosocial norms as crucial determinants of positive social media behavior. These factors strongly correlate with intended self-control and prosocial behavior, and desired beneficial use. Additionally, gender and the type of social media platform used have no significant impact on these results. This study explored valuable insights into the role of self-control and prosocial norms in promoting beneficial social media use among university students, which may have significant implications for their personal and social well-being.

/pdf/university-students-perceived-self-control-and-prosocial-1hj1xi30.pdf

University Students’ Perceived Self-control and Prosocial Norms for Beneficial Social Media Use

This investigation aims to understand tourists' motivation/attraction theories based on empirical data. It analyses tourists' basic profile, their key travel facts, needs and drivers/motivations, perceptions, top activities participated at the destinations, and places visited, along with destinations' promotional activities, which may trigger visitation/repeat visitation to destinations from source markets. In the current context, Britain, New Zealand, and Singapore are applied as destinations, whereas Australia, China, and India are source markets to analyse the empirical data made publicly available by Singapore Tourism Board, VisitBritain, and Tourism New Zealand. The empirical data supports that tourists' motivations and attractions are in line with Pearce's [1] model, and attraction and marketing appeals are in line with McKercher [2] and Leiper's [3] model. Singapore is specific needs satisfier for Indian and Chinese tourists, but it is a general need satisfier for substitutable attractions for Australians. Australians are attracted to particular attractions in Britain and New Zealand. Still, Indians travel with general needs, whereas appealing to Chinese visitors by Britain and New Zealand with specific and broad attractions do work. For New Zealand, to some extent, attractions become secondary. This paper provides implications for both inbound and outbound tourism stakeholders.

Md. Shahzalal

Papers

Attitude, Self-Control, and Prosocial Norm to Predict Intention to Use Social Media Responsibly: From Scale to Model Fit towards a Modified Theory of Planned Behavior

Stakeholders’ perception of accessible tourism implementation based on corporate sustainability and responsibility: a SEM-based investigation

The Influence of Tourists’ Attitude and Self-efficacy Belief in Adopting Responsible Behavior in Bangladesh

University Students’ Perceived Self-control and Prosocial Norms for Beneficial Social Media Use

Do Attractions Attract Tourists to a Destination? Explaining Theory with Empirical Data Based on Three Source Markets and Three Destinations