Advanced nanomaterials in oil and gas industry: Design, application and challenges

The novel approach for the enhancement of rheological properties of water-based drilling fluids by using multi-walled carbon nanotube, nanosilica and glass beads

Nanomaterials are engineered materials with at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 nm. Nanofluids—nanoscale colloidal suspensions containing various nanomaterials—have distinctive properties and offer unprecedented potential for various sectors such as the energy, cosmetic, aerospace and biomedical industries. Due to their unique physico-chemical properties, nanoparticles are considered as very good candidates for smart drilling fluid formulation, i.e., fluids with tailor-made rheological and filtration properties. However, due to the great risk of adapting new technologies, their application in oil and gas industry is not, to date, fully implemented. Over the last few years, several researchers have examined the use of various nanoparticles, from commercial to custom made particles, to formulate drilling fluids with enhanced properties that can withstand extreme downhole environments, particularly at high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) conditions. This article summarizes the recent progress made on the use of nanoparticles as additives in drilling fluids in order to give such fluids optimal rheological and filtration characteristics, increase shale stability and achieve wellbore strengthening. Type, size and shape of nanoparticles, volumetric concentration, addition of different surfactants and application of an external magnetic field are factors that are critically evaluated and are discussed in this article. The results obtained from various studies show that nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as drilling fluid additives in order to overcome stern drilling problems. However, there are still challenges that should be addressed in order to take full advantage of the capabilities of such particles. Finally the paper identifies and discusses opportunities for future research.

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Nano-Based Drilling Fluids: A Review

Effect of nanoparticles on the modifications of drilling fluids properties : A review of recent advances

Demand of the oil and gas energy is increasing very drastically. Conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs contain below the sealing cap rock (shale) and easily move towards wellbore are at the depletion stage. Therefore, drilling engineers in collaboration with mud engineers, geologists and geophysicists are looking for innovative materials to drill unconventional hydrocarbons reservoir which are distributed at the basin scale and cannot approach easily. Geo-thermal energy wells and most of unconventional reservoirs are occurred at high pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions. Conventional micro-macro organic drilling mud additives with heat insulator in nature can minimize efficiency while drilling HPHT wells. Oil-based muds (OBM) are strictly restricted due to high toxic level and poor emulsion stability at HT. However, this review suggests that addition of macro size organic particles and inorganic nanoparticles can enhance rheological performance, reduce filtrate loss volume and improve shale inhibition characteristics of environmental friendly water-based mud (WBM). Despite an impressive amount of experimental work has been done over drilling additives and their effect over rheological and shale inhibition, taking into account their literature review are rare. In addition, there is no review work of the knowledge gained to date. This work will hope fully trigger further development and new research topics in the area of drilling muds system.

Nanoparticles based drilling muds a solution to drill elevated temperature wells: A review

The effect of the TiO2/polyacrylamide nanocomposite on water-based drilling fluid properties

Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-based nanocomposites reinforced with organo-clay, calcium carbonate, and silica as nanofillers with different contents ranging from 1 to 10 phr (part per hundred parts of rubber) were prepared and characterized. Surface modification was done on the clay nanoparticles to intensify the formation of chemical bond between nanofiller and NBR matrix. A novel procedure and formula were implemented to fabricate considered composites and nanocomposites. Variety of tests and analyzes were done on all nanofillers and fabricated nanocomposites and accordingly, curing conditions, mechanical and chemical properties of the resulting NBR nanocomposites intercalated with nanofillers were further improved and optimized. The nanocomposite containing 10 phr of nanoorgano-clay were found to be the best choice among other synthesized nanocomposites in the case of improved curing conditions, mechanical, and chemical properties.

Preparation and properties evaluation of nitrile rubber nanocomposites reinforced with organo-clay, CaCO 3 , and SiO 2 nanofillers

Application of TiO2/Polyacrylamide Core–Shell Nanocomposite as an Additive for Controlling Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid

The aim of this research is to investigate the enhancement of lubricating and sealant properties, increase of the life time, and reduce of wear traces for lubricants and sealant greases. For this purpose, carbon dot (C-dot) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized successfully to add to the lithium based grease in 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 wt%. To better understand the effect of NPs on the properties of lithium based grease, carbon nanofiber (CNF) and Nano-Fullerene (C60) were also used in the mentioned weight percentages to add to the lithium based. NPs were well dispersed in the phase of base grease by the use of ultra-sonication. Variety of tests were done on the lithium base grease and all of the fabricated nano-greases and their results were then compared with each other. Using NPs did not remain any corrosive tracks for all of the nano-greases and caused the improvement in all their properties. Prepared nanogreases were also resistant to fuel, water, and aqueous alcohol in a specific period of time. CNFs with weight percentages in the range of 0.4–0.8 showed to be the optimum NPs content to be added to the lithium based grease in terms of improved properties.

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Lithium lubricating greases containing carbon base nano-additives: preparation and comprehensive properties evaluation

In this paper, 0.5–5 mass/% of Al2O3 and CuO nano-additives were dispersed in the base water by the two stage method (with a magnetic stirrer and ultra-sonication bath) to prepare different nanofluids with enhanced thermophysical properties. These nanofluids are considered to be utilized, as the bath fluid in the shell side of an indirect water bath heater to improve the thermal performance and reduce the power consumption of the heater. The effects of ultra-sonication time, surfactants, and nanoparticle size on the well formation of nanofluids, and their stabilities were probed. Densities, shear stresses, and apparent viscosities of the nanofluids were also measured to investigate the non-Newtonian behavior of samples. In addition, effects of the temperature, PH, nanoparticle type and concentration, and nanoparticle sizes on the thermal conductivities of nanofluids were investigated. Finally, nanofluids were utilized in a large-scale indirect water bath heater and its power consumption reduction compared to that of using water, as the bath fluid was measured and reported. 5 mass/% of CuO/water nanofluid at 80 °C was found the best nanofluids with the thermal conductivity enhancement of 43.28% and heater power consumption reduction of 17.1%.

Experimental investigation on the stability and thermophysical properties of Al2O3/DW and CuO/DW nanofluids to be utilized in an indirect water bath heater

Mehran Sadeghalvaad

Papers

The effect of the TiO2/polyacrylamide nanocomposite on water-based drilling fluid properties

Preparation and properties evaluation of nitrile rubber nanocomposites reinforced with organo-clay, CaCO 3 , and SiO 2 nanofillers

Application of TiO2/Polyacrylamide Core–Shell Nanocomposite as an Additive for Controlling Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Lithium lubricating greases containing carbon base nano-additives: preparation and comprehensive properties evaluation

Experimental investigation on the stability and thermophysical properties of Al2O3/DW and CuO/DW nanofluids to be utilized in an indirect water bath heater