The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.

Economics of Information

The Toolbox Revisited is a data essay that follows a nationally representative cohort of students from high school into postsecondary education, and asks what aspects of their formal schooling contribute to completing a bachelor’s degree by their mid-20s. The universe of students is confined to those who attended a four-year college at any time, thus including students who started out in other types of institutions, particularly community colleges.

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Executive Summary: The Toolbox Revisited--Paths to Degree Completion from High School through College.

International Journal of Business and Management

Today, more than 70 per cent of organizations have adopted some kind of empowerment initiative for at least part of their workforce (Lawler et al., 2001). To be successful in today’s global business environment, companies need the knowledge, ideas, energy, and creativity of every employee, from front line workers to the top level managers in the executive suite. The best organizations accomplish this by empowering their employees to take initiative without prodding, to serve the collective interests of the company without being micro-managed, and to act like owners of the business (O’Toole and Lawler, 2006). So what do we know about empowerment in work organizations? In this chapter, I will conduct an in-depth review of the literature on empowerment at work. I start by framing the two classic approaches to empowerment – social-structural and psychological – before outlining the current state of the literature. I then close the chapter by discussing key debates in the field and emergent directions for future research.

Taking Stock: A review of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work

In this study we examined and compared the determinants of first-to-second-year persistence for 1,167 first-generation and 3,017 continuing-generation students at four-year institutions, using data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Survey (Wine, et al., 2002). Because first-generation students are overrepresented in the most disadvantaged racial, income, and gender groups, we used a critical theorist perspective to frame the research problem, guide inquiry, and interpret results.

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Comparing the Determinants of Persistence for First-Generation and Continuing-Generation Students

Purpose – To investigate relationships between teacher empowerment and interpersonal level trust in the principal.Design/methodology/approach – Trust is a fundamental element in well‐functioning organizations. Studies of empowerment, a motivational construct, have suggested that empowering employees is a key factor in managerial and organizational effectiveness. An instrument was constructed to measure perceived teacher empowerment and level of interpersonal trust in the principal. Established measures of psychological empowerment and affect‐and cognition‐based trust were adapted for use in the study. Elementary school teachers in an urban school district in the USA completed the survey instrument.Findings – Teachers who perceived that they were empowered in their work environments had higher levels of interpersonal trust in their principals. Teachers who found their work personally meaningful, and who reported significant autonomy and substantial influence in their work environments had higher levels of ...

Teacher‐principal relationships: Exploring linkages between empowerment and interpersonal trust

Purpose – To explore associations between employee empowerment and interpersonal trust in managers.Design/methodology/approach – An online survey designed to assess empowerment and trust was administered to a random sample of 2,000 salaried employees at a Fortune 500 manufacturing organization in the USA.Findings – Results, bounded by sample and focal organizational characteristics, indicated that employees who feel empowered in their work environment tend to have higher levels of interpersonal‐level trust in their managers.Practical implications – Implications for managers are discussed in terms of enabling employee empowerment, strengthening interpersonal trust, and increasing organizational effectiveness.Originality/value – Highlights how increments in empowerment and trust can mitigate effects of organizational complexity, reduce transaction costs, strengthen relational systems within flatter organizational structures, and diminish the need for supervisory oversight, unproductive controls, and measure...

Exploring associations between employee empowerment and interpersonal trust in managers

This study uses the National Center for Education Statistics' postsecondary transcript file of the High School and Beyond/Sophomore Cohort to replicate the findings of Adelman's Answers in the Tool Box study. We use event history modeling to provide additional information about how a number of factors affect time to bachelor's degree attainment. Using a technique specifically designed to study temporal processes allows us to fully utilize the longitudinal nature of the transcript file data. We concur with many of Adelman's findings, although in several important instances our results differ from his.

Adding a timing light to the "tool box"

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Melinda J. Moye

Papers

Teacher‐principal relationships: Exploring linkages between empowerment and interpersonal trust

Exploring associations between employee empowerment and interpersonal trust in managers

Adding a timing light to the "tool box"

Studying the Timing of Student Departure from College. AIR 2000 Annual Forum Paper.