Melvin Goldman

TL;DR: This study tested the efficacy of instrumenting the root canal with 1 ml of 5.25% NaOCl solution between each instrument and final flushing with 20 ml of various solutions or combinations of solutions and showed that a final flush with 10 ml of 17% EDTA buffered to pH 7.7 was the most effective.

TL;DR: Success and failure in 253 cases selected at random were determined by mounting the films and having six examiners read them, independently and without consulting one another.

TL;DR: Recently developed techniques were used to remove the smeared layer in prepared root canals and two new plastic root canal filling materials, pHEMA or silicone, were able to enter the dentinal tubules under the conditions of this study.

TL;DR: The perforated irrigation needle was used to test a high-volume final flush of prepared root canals and indicated that the smeared layer is caused by instrumentation, that it was not removed by TEGO or NaOCl, and that it is removed by REDTA.

TL;DR: The results indicated that NaOCl used during instrumentation was more effective than REDTA, and when the two solutions were used as a final flush, the most effective procedure was REDTA followed by NaO Cl.