To determine the risk factors for suicide, 6,891 psychiatric outpatients were evaluated in a prospective study. Subsequent deaths for the sample were identified through the National Death Index. Forty-nine (1%) suicides were determined from death certificates obtained from state vital statistics offices. Specific psychological variables that could be modified by clinical intervention were measured using standardized scales. Univariate survival analyses revealed that the severity of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation were significant risk factors for eventual suicide. A multivariate survival analysis indicated that several modifiable variables were significant and unique risk factors for suicide, including suicide ideation, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and unemployment status.

Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: a 20-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric illness is a potent risk factor for suicide, rates of which differ markedly with age. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the psychiatric diagnoses of suicide victims vary predictably with age. METHOD: DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses of 141 persons aged 21 to 92 years who had completed suicide were established by the psychological autopsy method. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether age, gender, or their interaction predicted the presence of specific disorders. RESULTS: One or more axis I conditions were diagnosable in 90.1% of the suicide victims. Substance use disorders were most frequent, followed by mood disorders and primary psychotic illness. Younger age at death was a significant predictor of substance abuse or dependence and primary psychoses, while older age predicted major mood disorders. Comorbidity of substance use and mood disorders was common. Among victims with substance abuse or dependence, older age at death predicted major depression; among victims with mood disorders, younger age at death predicted comorbid substance abuse or dependence. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of psychiatric illnesses in suicide victims differs across the life course. Age-related patterns of addictive and psychotic disorders echo their prevalence in the general population. In contrast, the relationship between age and mood disorders among suicide victims is distinctly different from that of the general population. These findings suggest that risk for suicide increases with age in individuals with major affective illness. Depressed elderly men are particular targets for suicide prevention strategies. Language: en

Relationships of Age and Axis I Diagnoses in Victims of Completed Suicide: A Psychological Autopsy Study

List Of Figures Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Doing It Yourself: Direct Action Currents In Contemporary Radical Activism 2. Tracking The Hegemony Of Hegemony: Classical Marxism And Liberalism 3. Tracking The Hegemony Of Hegemony: Postmarxism And The New Social Movements 4. Utopian Socialism Then ... 5. ... And Now 6. Ethics, Affinity, And The Coming Communities 7. Conclusion: Utopian Socialism Again And Again Notes References

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Gramsci is Dead: Anarchist Currents in the Newest Social Movements

This paper conceptualizes colonialism from an indigenous perspective and analyses the effects of colonization on First Nations, with particular focus on explaining the fundamental roots of the psychophysical crises and dependency of First Nations upon the state. Central to its analysis is the effect of colonially-generated cultural disruptions that compound the effects of dispossession to create near total psychological, physical and financial dependency on the state. The paper argues that it is the cumulative and ongoing effects of this crisis of dependency that form the context of First Nations existences today. Social suffering, unresolved psychophysical harms of historical trauma and cultural dislocation are identified as the main sources of a crisis in which First Nations’ opportunities for self-sufficient, healthy and autonomous lives on individual and collective levels are extremely limited because Indigenous people have developed complexes of behaviour and mental attitudes that reflect their colonial situation. Through a review and consideration of the scholarly literature, it identifies a direct relationship between government laws and policies applied to Indigenous peoples and the myriad mental and physical health problems and economic deprivations. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for developing policy responses to the situation which are oriented towards supporting and facilitating Indigenous people’s reconnection to their homelands, restoration of land-based cultural practices and the rebuilding of indigenous communities.

https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/ijih/article/download/28982/23931

Colonialism and State Dependency

This volume reflects on what is current and promising in working with the suicidal adolescent. It provides information relevant to theory, research, practice and intervention. Empirically-based findings, which can be integrated into practice by the clinician, are also given.

https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1116

Adolescent Suicide: Assessment and Intervention

Surviving as Indians: The Challenge of Self-Government

Pathways to self-determination : Canadian Indians and the Canadian state

This collection of many voices develops more deeply and exhaustively the issues raised in the editors' earlier volume, Pathways to Self-Determination. It contains some twenty-three papers from representatives of the aboriginal people's organizations, of governments, and of a variety of academic disciplines, along with introductions and an epilogue by the editors and appendices of the key constitutional documents from 1763. The contributors represent a broad cross-section of tribal, geographic, and organizational perspectives. They discuss constitutional questions such as land rights, the concerns of Metis, non-status Indians, and Inuit; and native rights in broad contexts - historical, legal/constitutional, political, regional, and international. The issue of aboriginal rights and of what these rights mean in terms of land and sovereignty has become increasingly important on the Canadian political agenda. The constitutional conferences between government and aboriginal peoples have revealed the gulf between what each side means by aboriginal rights: for the Indians these rights are meaningless without sovereign self-government, an idea the federal and provincial governments are not willing to entertain. Somewhere in the middle lies the concept of nationhood status. Ultimately, the aboriginal peoples are asking for justice from the dominant society around them; if it is denied or felt to be denied, the editors conclude, the consequences for the Canadian self-concept would be costly and debilitating. The twenty-four contributors provide a find guide to this profound and complex problem, whose solution depends on our understanding and our political wisdom.

The Quest for Justice: Aboriginal Peoples and Aboriginal Rights

Native Indian leaders in Canada have embraced the European-Western doctrine of sovereignty as the political-legal instrumentality for achieving their version of “the good society.” This article analyzes the appropriateness and feasibility of sovereign statehood for Canada's Indians. Indian aspirations to sovereign statehood run aground on at least two counts: key ideas contained in the European-Western doctrine of sovereignty are incompatible with core values comprising traditional Indian culture: also, the Canadian government is implacably opposed to relinquishing its sovereignty over Indians. This study explores alternative models of self-determination for Canada's Indians and concludes that stateless nationhood offers the best basis on which Indians may be able to negotiate internal self-determination.

Tribal Traditions and European-Western Political Ideologies: The Dilemma of Canada's Native Indians

Attitudes toward suicide and death across two intra-familial generations were investigated to gain a better understanding of possible causal factors underlying increasing suicide rates among the yo...

Menno Boldt

Papers

Surviving as Indians: The Challenge of Self-Government

Pathways to self-determination : Canadian Indians and the Canadian state

The Quest for Justice: Aboriginal Peoples and Aboriginal Rights

Tribal Traditions and European-Western Political Ideologies: The Dilemma of Canada's Native Indians

Normative Evaluations of Suicide and Death: A Cross-Generational Study.