Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using TiO2-based photocatalysts: A review

Benchmarking recent advances and innovative technology approaches of Fenton, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, and related processes: A review on the relevance of phenol as model molecule

Removal of phenolic compounds from industrial waste water based on membrane-based technologies

Global water pollution caused by dye and phenol contaminants has been reported to have reached an alarming level. These hazardous contaminants pose significant threats to humans and ecosystem, due to their toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Various technologies have emerged for dyes and phenols removal from wastewater, such as physical adsorption, chemical oxidation, ozonation, extraction, and electrochemical treatments. However, these conventional methods are constrained by low efficiency and stability, high cost, and formation of harmful by-products. In recent years, there has been growing interest towards the development of immobilized enzyme technologies because they are more economical, effective and eco-friendly. Among various enzymes, peroxidases have generated extraordinary interest attributed to their ability to catalyze reactions of a variety of undesirable pollutants, such as dyes and phenol effluents. Immobilization of enzyme can enhance its catalytic efficiency, improve storage and operational stabilities, as well as allow enzyme recovery and reusability. Although numerous existing immobilized enzymatic systems have been established, their practical applications are limited due to mass transfer restriction, lack of feasibility for scaling-up and continuous operations, and difficulty for separation of immobilized enzymes from reaction mixtures. Therefore, much attention has been devoted to the immobilization of enzymes on nano-structured materials. In the current review, effects of process parameters on immobilized enzymes for applications in both dye and phenol treatment are discussed and summarized. Recent advanced technologies as well as challenges and future perspectives for research and development in this field are also highlighted.

An overview of immobilized enzyme technologies for dye and phenolic removal from wastewater

A review on phenolic wastewater remediation using homogeneous and heterogeneous enzymatic processes: Current status and potential challenges

Phenolic compounds are priority pollutants with high toxicity even at low concentrations. In this review, the efficiency of both conventional and advanced treatment methods is discussed. The applicability of these treatments with phenol and some common derivatives is compared. Conventional treatments such as distillation, absorption, extraction, chemical oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation show high efficiencies with various phenolic compounds, while advanced treatments such as Fenton processes, ozonation, wet air oxidation, and photochemical treatment use less chemicals compared to the conventional ones but have high energy costs. Compared to physico-chemical treatment, biological treatment is environmentally friendly and energy saving, but it cannot treat high concentration pollutants. Enzymatic treatment has proven to be the best way to treat various phenolic compounds under mild conditions with different enzymes such as peroxidases, laccases, and tyrosinases. This review covers papers from 2013 through January 2016.

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Miao Chen

Papers

A Short Review of Techniques for Phenol Removal from Wastewater