MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/4524/12820/00592460.pdf

Image Processing

Csm has been outlawed in Ghana since 1998. The ban has failed to limit the activity, however; Csm is now one of the main forest governance problems in the country. Chainsawn timber is the main source of supply for the growing domestic market and its production generates rural incomes and employment. Chainsaw milling has raised significant public debate but a workable approach on to how to deal with it in policy and in practice has not yet emerged. a range of policies, laws and institutions has evolved to govern the practice and manage its consequences.

/pdf/4-5-chainsaw-milling-in-ghana-context-drivers-and-impacts-4n94ou25yv.pdf

4.5 chainsaw milling in Ghana: context, drivers and impacts

Keywords: natural resource conflict, power, actor-empowerment, Ghana Increasingly, conflicts over natural resource (NR) use and management have attracted the attention of both scholars and professionals. While the recognition that conflict has both constructive and destructive capabilities have dawn on us, the negative outcomes have been prominent in many cases, calling for innovations in conflict management. The question of 'power' has been observed as crucial to any such innovations in conflict management. However, it has been noted that current approaches to the study of conflict and power do not offer in-depth understanding of power and how it plays itself out in NR conflicts. Besides, the role of power in NR conflicts has not been well studied. The aim of the study was to enlighten current understanding of the role of power in conflict management interventions by investigating the patterns of strategies and resources that conflict actors used to empower themselves and others to manage impairments. The study established that actor-empowerment is highly context bound and conflict interventions cannot benefit from any predictive patterns such as strategy reciprocity. Thus, instead of relying on predictions of reciprocity from game models, it has been argued that intervention will benefit from understanding actor and systemic factors that constrain the mobilisation of specific resources for mutual influence. It has also been pointed out that our understanding of the role of power in conflict can be enhanced using chronological reconstruction of conflicts and studying conflicts as a two-actor game model.

/pdf/powerful-relations-the-role-of-actor-empowerment-in-the-3ktoqphex6.pdf

Powerful relations: the role of actor-empowerment in the management of natural resource conflicts : a case of forest conflicts in Ghana

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Handbook Of Computer Vision And Applications

Engineering and manufacturing processes and systems designs involve many challenges, such as dynamism, chaotic behaviours, and complexity. Of late, the arrival of big data, high computational speed, cloud computing and artificial intelligence techniques (like machine learning and deep learning) has reformed how many engineering and manufacturing professionals approach their work. These technologies offer thrilling innovative ways for engineers and manufacturers to tackle real-life challenges. On the other hand, the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is extensive. Several diverse theories, algorithms, and methods are available, which presents a challenge and a barrier in choosing the right AI technique for the appropriate engineering process or manufacturing process and environments. Besides, the pertinent literature is disseminated over various journals, conference proceedings, and research communities. Hence, conducting a systematic survey to scrutinise and classify the existing literature is worthwhile. However, it is challenging, but previous review studies have not adequately addressed AI’s use and advancement in engineering and manufacturing (EM). Besides, some concentrated on single AI models, and others focused on a specific area in EM. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of studies on AI and its application in EM. To limit the scope of the current study, we conducted a keyword search in official publisher websites and academic databases, such as Springer, Elsevier, Scopus, Science Publication, Taylor & Francis, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Wiley online library, Inderscience and Google scholar. The search results (173 articles) were filtered according to a proposed framework, which resulted in ninety-one (91) relevant research articles. We reviewed the articles based on a proposed taxonomy (the year of publication, the AI algorithm and machine learning task adopted, the application area in EM, the train and test split of data, the error, and accuracy metrics used, the potential benefits). Our assessment using the proposed taxonomy gave a helpful insight into the literature’s anatomy on various AI applications in engineering and manufacturing. Also, we identified opportunities for future research in AI application in the field of EM.

Applications of artificial intelligence in engineering and manufacturing: a systematic review

Chapter 1 List of Figures Chapter 2 List of Tables Chapter 3 Preface Chapter 4 Acknowledgements Chapter 5 Introduction: Defining the Problem of Deforestation in Ghana Chapter 6 Review of Related Literature Chapter 7 The Forest Policy Process in Colonial Ghana Chapter 8 Contextual Setting of the Deforestation Policy Process in Ghana: Discussion of the Explanatory Model Chapter 9 Review of the Content of Deforestation Policies in Post-Independence Ghana Chapter 10 The Power and Dominance of Heads of Government and Politicians Over the Ghanaian Forest Policy Process Chapter 11 The Roles of Bureaucratic and non-Governmental Institutions in Determining the Outcome of the Forestry Policy Process Chapter 12 An Ineffective Department of Forestry: Explanatory Factors Chapter 13 Recap and Policy Recommendations Chapter 14 Appendices Chapter 15 Endnotes Chapter 16 Bibliography Chapter 17 Index

Deforestation in Ghana: Explaining the Chronic Failure of Forest Preservation Policies in a Developing Country

Groundnut yields obtained by farmers in northern Ghana are generally low due to low soil fertility resulting from continuous cropping coupled with low use of external inputs. There is therefore the need to use systems’ internal resources such as biological nitrogen fixation efficiently to enhance crop production. This on-station experiment investigated nodulation and pod yield responses of three groundnut varieties, namely Obolo, Oboshie and Samnut 22 to inoculation with rhizobium inoculants of exotic strains, namely Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense (BR 3267) and USDA 3456 in combination with 0 kg P ha−1, 15 kg P ha−1 and 30 kg P ha−1. Combined application of 30 kg P ha−1 and BR 3267 increased the nodule numbers in Obolo, Oboshie and Samnut 22 by 144%, 188% and 56%, respectively compared to their uninoculated counterparts. Inoculation with BR 3267 produced the highest pod yield in all the three varieties with yields increasing from 13 to 40% over that of the uninoculated treatments, with BR 3267-inoculated Samnut 22 giving the highest yield of 2013 kg ha−1. P fertilizer and rhizobium inoculant also had a significant interactive influence on the pod yield of groundnut. Combined application of 30 kg P ha−1 and rhizobium inoculation increased the groundnut yield by 64 to 68%. The study observed a positive interaction between the rhizobium strains and P fertilizer.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2020/8691757.pdf

Growth, Nodulation, and Yield Responses of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Combined Application of Rhizobium Inoculant and Phosphorus in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

Improved approximated median filter algorithm for real-time computer vision applications

In this paper, the concept of identity based encryption with equality test (IBEET) was used to propose a new scheme for malware detection and verifiability of encrypted data. The use of encrypted data by malware poses new challenges to network threat detection because adversaries are able to encrypt malicious data to the cloud which pose a threat to receivers of the encrypted data and the cloud service provider. The flow metadata which includes the number of inbound bytes, outbound bytes, inbound packet, outbound packets, source and destination ports and the total duration of the flow in seconds of an encrypted data is used to compute a trapdoor for detecting a malware of an encrypted data. The flow metadata computed is sent to a private agent known as malware analytic provider (MAP) to check whether the trapdoor generated from a 3-way handshake between a client and a server matches to a normal handshake scheme of a specific traffic. If there is a mismatch, the ciphertext is rejected otherwise, ciphertext sent to an outsourced cloud service provider for storage. We refer to our scheme as encrypted traffic analytic using identity based encryption with equality test (ETA-IBEET). Our approach was instantiated using Bilinear map and Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (BDH) assumption to define one-way chosen-ciphertext security against a chosen identity attack (OW-ID-CCA)

Encrypted Traffic Analytic using Identity Based Encryption with Equality Test for Cloud Computing

The use of wireless network as a medium of communication has tremendously increased due to its flexibility, mobility and easy accessibility. Its usage is inevitable at hotels and restaurants, airports, organizations and currently predominant in homes. As large number of devices connect to wireless network, valuable and sensitive information are shared among users in the open air, attackers can easily sniff and capture data packets. This paper aims at using penetration testing to assess vulnerabilities and conduct attacks on Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and 802.11i (WPA2) security protocols. The penetration testing was conducted using Kali Linux with its Aircrack-ng tools.

/pdf/penetration-testing-of-ieee-802-11-encryption-protocols-1675audst2.pdf

Michael Asante

Papers

Deforestation in Ghana: Explaining the Chronic Failure of Forest Preservation Policies in a Developing Country

Growth, Nodulation, and Yield Responses of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Combined Application of Rhizobium Inoculant and Phosphorus in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

Improved approximated median filter algorithm for real-time computer vision applications

Encrypted Traffic Analytic using Identity Based Encryption with Equality Test for Cloud Computing

Penetration Testing of IEEE 802.11 Encryption Protocols using Kali Linux Hacking Tools