(Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,46(4B):2107-2111)Impact of Source/Drain Si1 yCy Stressors on Silicon-on-Insulator N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors

Semiconductor quantum dots in cavities are promising single-photon sources. Here, we present a path to deterministic operation, by harnessing the intrinsic linear dipole in a neutral quantum dot via phonon-assisted excitation. This enables emission of fully polarized single photons, with a measured degree of linear polarization up to $0.994\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007$, and high population inversion---85% as high as resonant excitation. We demonstrate a single-photon source with a polarized first lens brightness of $0.50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$, a single-photon purity of $0.954\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$, and single-photon indistinguishability of $0.909\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004$.

Bright Polarized Single-Photon Source Based on a Linear Dipole.

The extraordinary sensitivity of plasmonic sensors is well-known in the optics and photonics community. These sensors exploit simultaneously the enhancement and the localization of electromagnetic fields close to the interface between a metal and a dielectric. This enables, for example, the design of integrated biochemical sensors at scales far below the diffraction limit. Despite their practical realization and successful commercialization, the sensitivity and associated precision of plasmonic sensors are starting to reach their fundamental classical limit given by quantum fluctuations of light-known as the shot-noise limit. To improve the sensing performance of these sensors beyond the classical limit, quantum resources are increasingly being employed. This area of research has become known as "quantum plasmonic sensing", and it has experienced substantial activity in recent years for applications in chemical and biological sensing. This review aims to cover both plasmonic and quantum techniques for sensing, and it shows how they have been merged to enhance the performance of plasmonic sensors beyond traditional methods. We discuss the general framework developed for quantum plasmonic sensing in recent years, covering the basic theory behind the advancements made, and describe the important works that made these advancements. We also describe several key works in detail, highlighting their motivation, the working principles behind them, and their future impact. The intention of the review is to set a foundation for a burgeoning field of research that is currently being explored out of intellectual curiosity and for a wide range of practical applications in biochemistry, medicine, and pharmaceutical research.

Quantum Plasmonic Sensors

We review distinct features arising from the unique nature of the carrier-phonon coupling in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots. Because of the discrete electronic energy structure, the pure...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23746149.2019.1655478

Distinctive characteristics of carrier-phonon interactions in optically driven semiconductor quantum dots

We demonstrate theoretically that the single-photon purity of photons emitted from a quantum dot exciton prepared by phonon-assisted off-resonant excitation can be significantly higher in a wide range of parameters than that obtained by resonant preparation for otherwise identical conditions. Despite the off-resonant excitation, the brightness stays on a high level. These surprising findings exploit the fact that the phonon-assisted preparation is a two-step process where phonons first lead to a relaxation between laser-dressed states while high exciton occupations are reached only with a delay to the laser pulse maximum by adiabatically undressing the dot states. Due to this delay, possible subsequent processes, in particular multiphoton excitations, appear at a time when the laser pulse is almost gone. The resulting suppression of reexcitation processes increases the single-photon purity. Due to the spectral separation of the signal photons from the laser frequencies this enables the emission of high quality single photons not disturbed by a laser background while taking advantage of the robustness of the phonon assisted scheme.

Emission-Frequency Separated High Quality Single-Photon Sources Enabled by Phonons.

Studies of the dynamics of open quantum systems are limited by the large Hilbert space of typical environments, which is too large to be treated exactly. In some cases, approximate descriptions of the system are possible, for example, when the environment has a short memory time or only interacts weakly with the system. Accurate numerical methods exist, but these are typically restricted to baths with Gaussian correlations, such as non-interacting bosons. Here we present a method for simulating open quantum systems with arbitrary environments that consist of a set of independent degrees of freedom. Our approach automatically reduces the large number of environmental degrees of freedom to those which are most relevant. Specifically, we show how the process tensor describing the effect of the environment can be iteratively constructed and compressed using matrix product state techniques. We demonstrate the power of this method by applying it to a range of open quantum systems, including bosonic, fermionic and spin environments. The versatility and efficiency of our automated compression of environments method provides a practical general-purpose tool for open quantum systems. It is difficult to analyse open quantum systems because an accurate description of their environments becomes intractably large. A method that automatically identifies an efficient representation provides a flexible approach to numerical simulations. 

Simulation of open quantum systems by automated compression of arbitrary environments

Using a real-time path integral approach we develop an algorithm to calculate multi-time correlation functions of open few-level quantum systems that is applicable to highly nonequilibrium dynamics. The calculational scheme fully keeps the non-Markovian memory introduced by the pure-dephasing type coupling to a continuum of oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss how to deal consistently with the simultaneous presence of non-Markovian and Markovian system reservoir interactions. We apply the method to a crucial test case, namely the evaluation of emission spectra of a laser-driven two-level quantum dot coupled to a continuum of longitudinal acoustic phonons, which give rise to non-Markovian dynamics. Here, we also account for the coupling to a photonic environment, which models radiative decay and can be treated as a Markovian bath. The phonon side bands are found on the correct side of the zero phonon line in our calculation, in contrast to known results where the quantum regression theorem is applied naively to non-Markovian dynamics. Combining our algorithm with a recently improved iteration scheme for performing the required sum over paths we demonstrate the numerical feasibility of our approach to systems with more than two levels. Results are shown for the second-order photonic two-time correlation function of a quantum dot-cavity system with seven states on the Jaynes-Cummings ladder taken into account.

Path-integral approach for nonequilibrium multitime correlation functions of open quantum systems coupled to Markovian and non-Markovian environments

Quantum cryptography harnesses quantum light, in particular single photons, to provide security guarantees that cannot be reached by classical means. For each cryptographic task, the security feature of interest is directly related to the photons' non-classical properties. Quantum dot-based single-photon sources are remarkable candidates, as they can in principle emit deterministically, with high brightness and low multiphoton contribution. Here, we show that these sources provide additional security benefits, thanks to the tunability of coherence in the emitted photon-number states. We identify the optimal optical pumping scheme for the main quantum-cryptographic primitives, and benchmark their performance with respect to Poisson-distributed sources such as attenuated laser states and down-conversion sources. In particular, we elaborate on the advantage of using phonon-assisted and two-photon excitation rather than resonant excitation for quantum key distribution and other primitives. The presented results will guide future developments in solid-state and quantum information science for photon sources that are tailored to quantum communication tasks. 

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Enhancing quantum cryptography with quantum dot single-photon sources

The authors explore preparation protocols for higher-order photonic Fock states in solid-state quantum-dot--cavity systems

Michael Cosacchi

Papers

Emission-Frequency Separated High Quality Single-Photon Sources Enabled by Phonons.

Simulation of open quantum systems by automated compression of arbitrary environments

Path-integral approach for nonequilibrium multitime correlation functions of open quantum systems coupled to Markovian and non-Markovian environments

Enhancing quantum cryptography with quantum dot single-photon sources

On-demand generation of higher-order Fock states in quantum-dot–cavity systems