Showing papers by "Michael Gleeson published in 1981"
TL;DR: Oxygen consumption, respiratory frequency, and the PO2 of expiratory and interclavicular air sac gases were continuously monitored in six female domestic fowl trained to exercise on a treadmill for 10 min periods at normal or elevated air temperatures.
Abstract: 1. Oxygen consumption, respiratory frequency, and the PO2 of expiratory and interclavicular air sac gases were continuously monitored in six female domestic fowl trained to exercise on a treadmill for 10 min periods at normal or elevated air temperatures. 2. At normal temperatures (20 +/− 2 degrees C) the cost of locomotion rose from 0.46 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 at 0-3 km h-1 to 0.77 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 at the maximum speed of 4.3 km h-1. At 32 +/− 2 degrees C, Vo2 increased by as much as 20% compared to normal temperatures. 3. Hyperventilation occurred at all speeds and at both normal and elevated temperatures. End-tidal and interclavicular PO2 increased, in a parallel manner with speed, the latter remaining consistently 6-7 Torr less than the former both at rest and during exercise.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide were continuously monitored from the interclavicular and abdominal air-sacs of domestic fowl before, during and after 10-12 min of treadmill exercise at different speeds and at normal (20 ± 2°C) and elevated (30 ± 2 °C) temperatures.
15 citations
TL;DR: Respiratory water loss and rectal temperature were measured in domestic fowl running for 10 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1.24-4.3 km h-1 and the fraction of the total metabolic energy stored as body heat rose progressively with air temperature.
Abstract: 1. Respiratory water loss and rectal temperature were measured in domestic fowl running for 10 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1.24-4.3 km h-1 in air temperatures of 20 +/− 2 degrees C or 32 +/− 2 degrees C. 2. At given speeds the water loss at 32 +/− 2 degrees C was approximately twice that at 20 +/− 2 degrees C and the end-exercise rectal temperature was 0.5-0.8 degrees C higher. 3. At 20 +/− 2 degrees C, respiratory evaporation accounted for 10–12% of the total metabolic energy used at all speeds. At 32 +/− 2 degrees C, the fractional respiratory heat loss fell from 26.5% at 1.24 km h-1 to 17% at 3.6 km h-1. The fraction of the total metabolic energy stored as body heat rose progressively with air temperature.
14 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that flamingoes Phoenicopterus,ruber, avoid hypocapnia during pantiny restricting g hyperventilatio to then res-piratory dead space and this achievement is achieves by a 7-fold reductio of tidan l volume V.
Abstract: BY J. H. BRACKENBURY, P. AVERY AND M. GLEESONDepartment of Biology, University of Salford, Salford M$ \WT(Received 7 July 1980)Exposure to elevated environmental temperatures i producen s large increasesventilation and respiratory evaporatio in birdn s (Calde rBouverot, Hildwein LeGoff & 1974, ; Richards, 1976). Some workers have reportedsevere blood alkalosi in pantins g bird dues t luno g hyperventilatio n Calder & Schmidt-Nielsen, 1968; Frankel & Frascella, 1968), othersonly a small decreas ien arterial Pcc> (Marder2 , Arad & Gafni, 1974; Marde & Aradr ,1975; Krausz, Bernstei & Mardern, 1977) It ha. oftes n been suggested, followingZeuthen (1942), that intrapulmonary valves may shunt air away from the parabronchiduring panting thus alleviatin the risgk of hypocapnic alkalosi bust such valves havenot yet been demonstrated in vivo.Recently Bech, Johansen & Maloiy (1979) showed that flamingoes Phoenicopterus,ruber, avoid hypocapnia during b pantiny restricting g hyperventilatio to then res-piratory dead space. Thi is achieves d by a 7-fold reductio of tidan l volume V,
10 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the excess water loss during normal panting results from tidal airflow generated independently by the buccopharyngeal pump and that buccophileal ventilation is equivalent to 54% of the respiratory ventilation.
Abstract: Ventilation (V) and respiratory water loss\(\left( {\dot M_{R,H_2 O} } \right)\) were measured in domestic fowlGallus gallus subjected to raised environmental temperatures (33±2°C) and breathing air, 8% O2 in N2, 3% CO2 in air or 5% CO2 in air. Birds breathing air underwent an 18.6-fold increase in respiratory frequency and a 5-fold reduction in tidal volume and panting was accompanied by vigorous gular flutter. Hypoxic and hypercapnic birds breathed more slowly and deeply and gular flutter was strongly inhibited. The\({{\dot M_{R,H_2 O} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\dot M_{R,H_2 O} } {\dot V}}} \right. \kern-
ulldelimiterspace} {\dot V}}\) ratio was similar to that predicted on the basis of the measured ventilation assuming saturation of expired gas at measured gular mucosal temperature in hypoxic and hypercapnic birds but 54% greater than the predicted value in birds panting in air. It is concluded that the excess water loss during normal panting results from tidal airflow generated independently by the buccopharyngeal pump and that buccopharyngeal ventilation is equivalent to 54% of the respiratory ventilation.
1 citations