Examines the motivation for achievement as a psychological factor that shapes economic development. Refuting arguments based on race, climate, or population growth, the book instead argues for cultural customs and motivations - especially the motivation for achievement - as the major catalysts of economic growth. Considering the Protestant Reformation, the rise of capitalism, parents' influences on sons, and folklore and children's stories as shaping cultural motivations for achievement, the book hypothesizes that a high level of achievement motivation precedes economic growth. This is supported through qualitative analysis of the achievement motive, as well as of other psychological factors - including entrepreneurial behavior and characteristics, and available sources of achievement in past and present highly achieving societies. It is the achievement motive - and not merely the profit motive or the desire for material gain - that has advanced societies economically. Consequently, individuals are not merely products of their environment, as many social scientists have asserted, but also creators of the environment, as they manipulate it in various ways in the search for achievement. Finally, a plan is hypothesized to accelerate economic growth in developing countries, by encouraging and supplementing their achievement motives through mobilizing the greater achievement resources of developed countries. The conclusion is not just that motivations shape economic progress, but that current influences on future people's motivations and values will determine economic growth in the long run. Thus, it is most beneficial for a society to concentrate its resources on creating an environment conducive to entrepreneurship and a strong ideological base for achievement. (CJC)

The Achieving Society

A Study of Art and Design Small Business Practices to Determine the Attributes needed for Operating a Successful Small Business

The con tribution of business/management education, to small enterprise solvency

This paper surveys the literature on small business failure and bankruptcy over the past decade in order to discover how much progress has been made and to make recommendations for the future. It compares the findings with those discussed in a similar survey written ten years ago. The paper takes a broad view discussing not only the causes of failure but also the various means of preventing failure by prediction and assistance (training, advice and government policy).

Small Business Failure and Bankruptcy: What Progress Has Been Made in a Decade?

This study examined the relationships between students' personality styles and their intentions to become an entrepreneur, after completing a course in entrepreneurship education. Results indicated that, the majority of the students were extroverted, intuitive, thinking-judging, (ENTJ); introverted-sensing, thinking-judging (ISTJ); extraverted-sensing, feeling-judging (ESFJ) or extroverted-sensing, thinking-perceiving (ESTP). The students in this study had moderate intention in a new business start-up. The researchers found that, students with extraversion and sensing personality types had higher level of entrepreneurial intentions than students with introversion and intuitive styles. The result of this study has implications for higher education which entrepreneurship educators should not adopt, a "one style fits all" approach in the classroom.

	 

	Key words: Entrepreneurship education, cognitive styles, intentions, personality types, Myers-Brigs Type Indicator (MBTI).

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379516349_Zarafshani et al.pdf

Using the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) in the teaching of entrepreneurial skills

This paper examines the importance of an education model for small enterprise education and training based on self-directed learning. The education model examined is that developed by Knowles (1980). The arguments contained in this paper are significant given the importance of small enterprise education, and training to national economies. The research area - namely, the application of education programme development models, has been neglected by small enterprise educators and researchers.A framework of the Knowles education model is developed for use by small enterprise. The framework is then reviewed in terms of the literature on small enterprise education and training. The literature identifies problems of small enterprise education and training and the Knowles’ education model is put forward as a means of solving the problems.The paper concludes with a framework for developing further teaching methods and researching small enterprise education and recommends that the Knowlesian model be used b...

Michael John Christie

Papers

Self-Directed Learning for Enterprise Education and Training