Despite their ubiquity and cultural prominence, academic study of arts festivals has been neglected. This article examines how cyclical arts festivals transform places from being everyday settings into temporary environments that contribute to the production, processing and consumption of culture, concentrated in time and place. Moreover, festivals also provide examples of how culture is contested. Support for the arts is part of a process used by elites to establish social distance between themselves and others. Festivals have traditionally been innovative and have always been controlled. In the past, artistic directors wielded this control but recent attempts by commercial interests to control festivals reflect a wider situation in which marketing agencies and managers are transforming arts and culture into arts and culture industries. Today, promoting arts festivals is related to place promotion, and this encourages 'safe' art forms. This highlights latent tensions between festival as art and economics, between culture and cultural politics.

Carnivals for elites? The cultural politics of arts festivals

This article examines the development of social marketing research from 1998 to 2012. Drawing upon journal and database searches, 867 articles were retrieved and then analyzed in the light of the content analysis method. The article indicates that social marketing has captured increasing research attention, as evidenced by the growing number of articles published. U.S.- and U.K.-based researchers and institutions have contributed significantly to shaping knowledge in the field. Public health has predominantly been the research topic and hence more articles have been published in health-related journals than in marketing-related journals. Substantial research has focused on downstream social marketing, while the upstream and critical dimension has been given limited attention. Behavior change theories underlying social marketing studies were not always reported, leading to difficulties in identifying common factors in effective interventions. Social marketing research has been dominated by qualitative meth...

Social Marketing: A Systematic Review of Research 1998–2012

Who thought of Europe as a community before its economic integration in 1957? Dina Gusejnova illustrates how a supranational European mentality was forged from depleted imperial identities. In the revolutions of 1917 to 1920, the power of the Hohenzollern, Habsburg and Romanoff dynasties over their subjects expired. Even though Germany lost its credit as a world power twice in that century, in the global cultural memory, the old Germanic families remained associated with the idea of Europe in areas reaching from Mexico to the Baltic region and India. Gusejnova's book sheds light on a group of German-speaking intellectuals of aristocratic origin who became pioneers of Europe's future regeneration. In the minds of transnational elites, the continent's future horizons retained the contours of phantom empires.

European Elites and Ideas of Empire, 1917-1957

Military Conscription and Civil Society: Historical TrajectoriesI. War, Nation, Gender Images: Core Concepts in Conscription in the Early Nineteenth Century * Criticism of Existing Prussian Army Structures * Conscription: Setbacks on the Road to a 'National Army' * The Battle for the Middle Classes * Military Service, Wartime Service, and Manliness * 'Female patriotism'II. 'Both Citizen and Soldier'? Prussia in the Vormrz Period (1815-48) * The Law on Wartime Service: Rules and Practice * The Landwehr as a Citizen's Militia? * Citizenship and Masculinity: The Jewish Population Demands Participation * The Army as the 'Training School' for War and Peace * Soldiers and Civilians: Soldiers as Citizens?III. Military Systems in the 'Third Germany' * The Move from Exemption to Substitution * Army Service: The View from Inside * Civilian Counterparts: An Armed Citizenry and a Man's Right to Bear Arms * Civilian Militias During the Vormrz period and in 1848-9 * The 'Martial Spirit' in Military Associations or Dreams of a Democratic Army IV. War and Peace: Imperial Germany in the Prussian Barracks * Constitutional or Military State: Paving the Way in the Pre-Empire Years * Middle-Class Arrangements: One-Yearers and Reserve Officers * Soldiers at the 'School of Manliness' * The Regiment as a Family: The Potential and Limits of Military Comradeship * Liaisons Dangereuses: The Military and Civil Society V. The Twentieth Century: The (Ex-)Soldier as Citizen * The Post-World War I Years: Militarisation without Military Service * Soldiers and 'Volksgenossen': The Escalation of Violence Under the Nazis * Post-war Germany: From Disarmed to Rearmed State * Civic Spirit and Gender Politics: The End of Conscription?

A nation in barracks : modern Germany, military conscription and civil society

equality between players taking part in the same game and following the same rules always exists, but obviously that doesn’t stop there being winners and losers. Is it a matter of a real equality or some sort of inclusion presupposed by participation in the game (which, in the end, is less a matter of equality than of

Politics and aesthetics an interview

List of Illustrations ix Preface xi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE Staging Subjectivity in the Mozart/Da Ponte Operas 18 Staging Subjectivity 18 Don Giovanni and the Scene of Patricide 23 Le nozze di Figaro and the Scene of Emancipation 39 Cosi'fan tutte and the Scene of Instruction 51 CHAPTER TWO Beethoven: Heroism and Abstraction 59 Heroism and Abstraction 59 Heroism and Anxiety 67 Fidelio 73 The Symphony No.9 84 CHAPTER THREE Canny and Uncanny Histories in Biedermeier Music 94 Biedermeier Music 94 Mendelssohn's Canny Histories 97 Schumann's Uncanny Histories 122 Back to Schubert 131 CHAPTER FOUR The Family Romances of Music Drama 133 The Family Romances of Music Drama 133 Siegmund's Death 142 Subjectivity and Identity 153 CHAPTER FIVE The Voice of the People at the Moment of the Nation 163 People and Nations 163 Brahms, 1868 174 Verdi, 1874 178 Dvorak,1890 186 CHAPTER SIX Minor Modernisms 193 Music Trauma, or, Is There Life after Wagner? 193 Three Fins de Siecle 202 The Road into the Open 220 CHAPTER SEVEN The Musical Unconscious 226 Index 237

Listening to Reason: Culture, Subjectivity, and Nineteenth-Century Music

Walter Benjamin and the demands of history

Austria as Theater and Ideology: The Meaning of the Salzburg Festival

Preface and Acknowledgments by Scott Burnham and Michael P. Steinberg VIl PART I HEROIC BEETHOVEN In the Time(s) of the "Eroica"by Reinhold Brinlmann Translated by Irene Zedlacher 1 Beethoven, Florestan, and the Varieties of Heroism by Lewis Lockwood 27 PART II LATE BEETHOVEN Memory and Invention at the Threshold of Beethoven's Late Style by Elaine Sisman 51 Voices and Their Rhythms in the First Movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata Op. 109: Some Thoughts on the Performance and Analysis of a Late-Style Work by Glenn Stanley 88 Voicing Beethoven's Distant Beloved by Nicholas Marston 124 PART III BEETHOVEN IN THE WORKSHOP Keyboard Instruments of the Young Beethoven by Tilman Skowroneck 151 Contrast and Continuity in Beethoven's Creative Process by William Kinderman 193 PART IV BEETHOVEN IN THE WORLD Performances of Grief: Vienna's Response to the Death of Beethoven by Christopher Gibbs 227 The Visual Beethoven: Whence, Why, and Whither the Scowl? by Alessandra Comini 286 Beethoven and Masculinity by Sanna Pederson 313 The Search for Meaning in Beethoven: Popularity, Intimacy, and Politics in Historical Perspective by Leon Botstein 332 Index x Notes on Contributors x

Michael P. Steinberg

Papers

Listening to Reason: Culture, Subjectivity, and Nineteenth-Century Music

Walter Benjamin and the demands of history

Austria as Theater and Ideology: The Meaning of the Salzburg Festival

Beethoven and his world

The meaning of the Salzburg Festival : Austria as theater and ideology, 1890-1938