Population-based study からみた神経予後不良因子の検討

Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare (orphan) endocrine disease with low calcium and inappropriately low (insufficient) circulating parathyroid hormone levels, most often in adults secondary to thyroid surgery. Standard treatment is activated vitamin D analogues and calcium supplementation and not replacement of the lacking hormone, as in other hormonal deficiency states. The purpose of this guideline is to provide clinicians with guidance on the treatment and monitoring of chronic HypoPT in adults who do not have end-stage renal disease. We intend to draft a practical guideline, focusing on operationalized recommendations deemed to be useful in the daily management of patients. This guideline was developed and solely sponsored by The European Society of Endocrinology, supported by CBO (Dutch Institute for Health Care Improvement) and based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) principles as a methodological base. The clinical question on which the systematic literature search was based and for which available evidence was synthesized was: what is the best treatment for adult patients with chronic HypoPT? This systematic search found 1100 articles, which was reduced to 312 based on title and abstract. The working group assessed these for eligibility in more detail, and 32 full-text articles were assessed. For the final recommendations, other literature was also taken into account. Little evidence is available on how best to treat HypoPT. Data on quality of life and the risk of complications have just started to emerge, and clinical trials on how to optimize therapy are essentially non-existent. Most studies are of limited sample size, hampering firm conclusions. No studies are available relating target calcium levels with clinically relevant endpoints. Hence it is not possible to formulate recommendations based on strict evidence. This guideline is therefore mainly based on how patients are managed in clinical practice, as reported in small case series and based on the experiences of the authors.

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European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Guideline: Treatment of chronic hypoparathyroidism in adults

Efficacy and safety of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) in hypoparathyroidism (REPLACE): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 study.

Objective: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and absent or deficient PTH. This report presents a summary of current information about epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, clinical features, and management and proposes guidelines to help clinicians diagnose, evaluate, and manage this disorder. Participants: Participants in the First International Conference on the Management of Hypoparathyroidism represented a worldwide constituency with acknowledged interest and expertise in key basic, translational, and clinical aspects of hypoparathyroidism. Three Workshop Panels were constituted to address questions for presentation and discussion at the Conference held in Florence, Italy, May 7–9, 2015. At that time, a series of presentations were made, followed by in-depth discussions in an open forum. Each Workshop Panel also met in closed sessions to formulate the three evidence-based reports that accompany this summary statement. An Expert Panel then considered this information,...

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Management of Hypoparathyroidism: Summary Statement and Guidelines

We aimed to identify all patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) and to evaluate their risks of renal complications and cardiovascular disease in relation to their disease and its treatment. We identified possible patients through the Danish National Patient Registry and a prescription database. Case status was adjudicated by review of individual patients' hospital records. For each patient with postsurgical HypoPT due to surgery for nonmalignant diseases between 1988 and 2012, three age-matched (± 2 years) and gender-matched controls were selected from the general background population. The prevalence of postsurgical HypoPT was 22 per 100,000 inhabitants. We identified 688 patients who had undergone neck surgery since 1988 with subsequent hypocalcaemia and inappropriate low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels that necessitated treatment with calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation for more than 6 months. The average age at diagnosis was 49 years (range, 17–87 years), and 88% were women. Sixteen percent of all patients had had neck surgery prior to the operation causing HypoPT. Compared with controls, patients with HypoPT had an increased risk of renal complications (hazard ratio [HR], 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41–5.59) and hospitalization due to seizures (HR, 3.82; 95% CI, 2.15–6.79), whereas there was no increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.79–1.57) or cardiovascular disease or death (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73–1.09). In conclusion, although risk of seizures and renal complications is increased, mortality and risk of cardiovascular diseases or arrhythmias is not increased in patients with HypoPT. Further study should try to determine how to reduce the risk of seizures and renal complications in HypoPT. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Cardiovascular and renal complications to postsurgical hypoparathyroidism: a Danish nationwide controlled historic follow-up study.

Context: Despite tremendous interest in hypoparathyroidism, large cohort studies describing typical treatment patterns, laboratory parameters, and rates of complications are lacking. Objective: Our objective was to characterize the course of disease in a large cohort of hypoparathyroid patients. Design and Setting: We conducted a chart review of patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism identified via a clinical patient data registry. Patients were seen at a Boston tertiary-care hospital system between 1988 and 2009. Patients: We identified 120 patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by documented hypocalcemia with a simultaneous low or inappropriately normal PTH level for at least 1 yr. Mean age at the end of the observation period was 52 ± 19 (range 2–87) yr, and the cohort was 73% female. Main Outcome Measure: We evaluated serum and urine laboratory results and renal and brain imaging. Results: We calculated time-weighted average serum calcium measurements for all patients. The time-weighted average for cal...

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Michael R. Cooley

Papers

Long-term follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism.