Optimization Techniques with FORTRAN

The social logic of space: Buildings and their genotypes

Design explorations of performance driven geometry in architectural design using parametric modeling and genetic algorithms

1. Random Variables and Stochastic Processes

Passive performance and building form: An optimization framework for early-stage design support

Studies on computer-based perception by vision modelling are described. The visual perception is mathematically modelled, where the model receives and interprets visual data from the environment. The perception is defined in probabilistic terms so that it is in the same way quantified. Human visual perception mimicked by means of a computer is an important step in cybernetics as this is, generally speaking, one of the goals of cybernetics. At the same time, the measurement of visual perception is made possible in real-time. From the visual perception, some other derivatives of it can be computed. One example is the visual openness which can be used for the movement of an autonomous robot. As to another application, mention may be made to spatial design, in building and construction engineering. The paper describes the novel probabilistic theory of visual perception and investigates various properties of it, via the vision model established. The computer experiments are carried out by means of a virtual agent in a virtual environment demonstrating the verification of the theoretical considerations being presented, and the far reaching implications of the studies are pointed out.

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A5630e638-3a6c-4d13-b49a-ea93e3641301/datastream/OBJ/download

Towards Computer-Based Perception by Modeling Visual Perception: A Probabilistic Theory

Studies oncomputer-based perception byvision modelling are described. The visualperception is mathematically modelled, wherethemodelreceives and interprets visual datafromtheenvironment. Theperception is defined inprobabilistic termssothatitisinthesameway quantified. Humanvisual perception mimicked bymeansofa computerisan important stepincybernetics asthisis, generally speaking, oneofthegoals ofcybernetics. Atthesame time, themeasurement ofvisual perception ismadepossible in real-time. Fromthevisual perception, someother derivatives of itcanbecomputed. Oneexample isthevisual openness which canbeusedforthemovementofanautonomous robot. Asto another application, mention maybemadetospatial design, in building andconstruction engineering. Thepaperdescribes the novel probabilistic theory ofvisual perception andinvestigates various properties ofit, viathevision modelestablished. The computer experiments arecarried outbymeansofavirtual agentinavirtual environment demonstrating theverification ofthetheoretical considerations being presented, andthefar reaching implications ofthestudies arepointed out. I.INTRODUCTION V ISUALperception isoneoftheimportant subjects of cybernetics. Ashumangetsabouteighty percentof environmental information byvisual perception, itiseasyto understand theimportance ofit, ifoneendeavors tointegrate theenvironmental information into amachine-based system. Toachieve this goal, itisclear torealize that thevisual perception should bequantified tofeed ittocomputer, rather thanremaining intheabstract domainandmerely to comprehend theconcept anddealing withsomeverbal statements. Inthecaseofhuman, theinteraction withthe environment isdoneviathelight photons emitted froma light source, scattered fromtheobject andeventually reaching theretina. Inthecomputer basedvision process, thevirtual agent orarobot emits raysandtheinteraction of these rayswiththeenvironment isregistered astheyare backscattered totheagent orrobot. Today suchsystems are quite welldeveloped andtheyarereferred toas3D scanners. Forthesakeofclarity intheexperimental part of thework,avirtual agentisusedasarepresentative ofa human,who moves through a spatial environment experiencing continuous visual perception. Nexttothis, also itmakesassessment about thevisual openness derivative of thevisual perception sothatitcanmakeautonomous movementandin

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/4273787/4274604/04274735.pdf

Towards Computer-Based Perception byModeling Visual Perception: AProbabilistic Theory

An innovative neural fuzzy system is considered for soft computing in design. A neural tree structure is considered with nodes of neuronal type, where Gaussian function plays the role of membership function. The total tree structure effectively works as a fuzzy logic system having system inputs and outputs. In the system, as result of special provisions, the locations of the Gaussian membership functions of non-terminal nodes happen to be unity, so that the system has several desirable features; it represents a fuzzy model maintaining the transparency and effectiveness while dealing with complexity. The research is described in detail and its outstanding merits are pointed out in a framework having transparent fuzzy modeling properties and addressing complexity issues at the same time. A demonstrative application of the model is presented from a demonstrative simple architectural design exercise and the favorable performance for similar applications is highlighted.

A Neural Fuzzy System for Soft Computing

Studies on human visual perception are described. The visual perception is mathematically modelled as a probabilistic process obtaining and interpreting visual information from an environment. By means of this model some other vision related concepts, such as visual attention and visual openness, are also mathematically defined. The theoretical considerations are implemented in three applications, namely scene description by perception, visual openness measurement for design, and perceptual robotics.

Visual perception in design and robotics

Design is complex. This is because it involves conflicting goals that are often vague. Also, prior to the design it is generally not clear how important goals are relative to each other. And finally the amount of possible solutions is large in general. These bottlenecks are addressed in this thesis. A novel approach for design is proposed, where computation is used to reach most suitable solutions. The approach is based on a novel concept of the objects forming a design. This concept is termed intelligent design objects. Such objects exhibit intelligent behavior in the sense that they approach most desirable solutions for conflicting, vague goals put forward by a designer. That is, the objects know ‘themselves’ what to do to satisfy a designer’s goals. This is accomplished using methods from the domain of computational intelligence, as these are uniquely able to deal with the complexity of design mentioned above. The result from the approach is that designers and decision makers have great certainty about the satisfaction of their goals and are able to concentrate on second order aspects they were not aware of prior to the execution. The approach is implemented for two applications from the domain of architecture demonstrating its effectiveness. The thesis addresses to students, researchers and executives in the field of architecture, and other areas of design. It may be also interesting for researchers in the domain of computational intelligence, as it provides a formalism of intelligent design, and it exemplifies the use of these modern technologies in the design domain. Due to its generic nature, this formalism may have some significance in the development of the science of design.

Michael S. Bittermann

Papers

Towards Computer-Based Perception by Modeling Visual Perception: A Probabilistic Theory

Towards Computer-Based Perception byModeling Visual Perception: AProbabilistic Theory

A Neural Fuzzy System for Soft Computing

Visual perception in design and robotics

Intelligent Design Objects (IDO): a cognitive approach for performance-based design