Michael S. Halpert

TL;DR: In this article, the amplitude and phase of the Arm harmonic fitted to the 24-month composite values are plotted in the form of a vector for each station, which reveals both the regions of spatially coherent ENSO-related precipitation and the phase of this signal in relation to the evolution of the composite episode.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an investigation of the typical North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and analyze monthly surface temperature and precipitation data using a method designed to identify regions of the globe that have responses associated with ENSO.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between precipitation and the high index phase of the Southern Oscillation (SO) for 19 regions of the globe which have documented low SO index-precipitation relationships (Ropelewski and Halpert 1986, 1987).

TL;DR: In this paper, the "typical" global and large-scale regional temperature patterns associated with the low and high phases of the Southern Oscillation (SO) are investigated, and the identified temperature responses are more consistent in tropical regions than in the extratropies.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of earlier studies has identified regions of the world in which precipitation appears to have a consistent relationship with the Southern Oscillation (SO), and the authors attempt to quantify this relationship based on shifts in the statistical distribution of precipitation amounts with emphasis on the median, which are associated with the warm and cold phases of the SO.