The present disclosure is directed to integrated injector/igniters providing efficient injection, ignition, and complete combustion of various types of fuels. One example of such an injectors/igniter can include a body having a base portion opposite a nozzle portion, and a fuel passageway extending from the base portion to the nozzle portion. A force generator and a first valve are carried by the base portion. The first valve is movable in response to actuation from the force generator to move between closed and open positions. The injector/igniter also includes a second valve at the nozzle portion that is deformable in response to pressure in the fuel passageway to deform between a closed position and an open position.

Integrated fuel injectors and igniters and associated methods of use and manufacture

A system for safe storage and efficient utilization of a variety of fuel selections that range in composition and phase from cryogenic mixtures of solids and liquids to elevated temperature gases is provided for unique applications with various types of heat engines and fuel cells including hybridized combinations.

Multifuel storage, metering and ignition system

The present disclosure is directed to various embodiments of systems and methods for reducing the production of harmful emissions in combustion engines. One method includes correlating combustion chamber temperature to acceleration of a power train component, such as a crankshaft. Once the relationship between acceleration/deceleration of the component and combustion temperature are known, an engine control module can be configured to adjust combustion parameters to reduce combustion temperature when acceleration data indicates peak combustion temperature is approaching a harmful level, such as a level conducive to the formation of undesirable oxides of nitrogen. Various embodiments of the methods and systems disclosed herein can employ injectors with integrated igniters providing efficient injection, ignition, and complete combustion of various types of fuels.

Methods and systems for reducing the formation of oxides of nitrogen during combustion in engines

The present disclosure is directed to integrated injector/igniters providing efficient injection, ignition, and complete combustion of various types of fuels. One example of such an injectors/igniter can include a body having a base portion opposite a nozzle portion. The base portion receives the fuel into the body and the nozzle portion can be positioned adjacent to the combustion chamber. The injector further includes a valve carried by the nozzle portion that is movable between a closed position and an open position to inject the fuel into the combustion chamber. An actuator is coupled the valve and extends longitudinally through the body towards the base portion, and a driver is carried by the body and is movable between a first position and a second position. In the first position the driver does not move the actuator and in the second position the driver moves the actuator to move the valve to the open position.

Fuel injector actuator assemblies and associated methods of use and manufacture

The present disclosure is directed to injectors with integrated igniters providing efficient injection, ignition, and complete combustion of various types of fuels. These integrated injectors/igniters can include, for example, multiple drivers used to shape charges, controllers used to modify operations based on ionization parameters, and so on.

Shaping a fuel charge in a combustion chamber with multiple drivers and/or ionization control

A superconducting magnet configuration (4; 14) for generating a homogeneous magnetic field B0 in an examination volume (4 b), has an interior radial superconducting main field coil (1) which is disposed rotationally symmetrically about an axis (z-axis) and an oppositely driven coaxial radially exterior superconducting shielding coil (2) is characterized in that the magnet configuration (4; 14) consists of the main field coil (1), the shielding coil (2), and a ferromagnetic field formation device (3; 18), wherein the ferromagnetic field formation device (3; 18) is located at the radially inside of the main field coil (1), the main field coil (1) consisting of an unstructured solenoid coil or of several radially nested unstructured solenoid coils (15, 16) which are driven in the same direction, the axial extent Labs of the shielding coil (2) being smaller than the axial extent Lhaupt of the main field coil (1), wherein the axial magnetic field profile (5) generated by the main field coil (1) and the shielding coil (2) during operation has a minimum of the field strength along the axis (z-axis) in the center (4 a) and a maximum of the field strength on each side of the center (4 a), and wherein the axial magnetic field profile (6) generated by the ferromagnetic field formation device (3; 18) during operation has a maximum of the field strength along the axis (z-axis) in the center (4 a) and a minimum of the field strength on each side of the center (4 a). The magnet configuration in accordance with the invention has a very simple structure.

Compact superconducting magnet configuration with active shielding having a shielding coil contributing to field formation

A magnet coil arrangement comprising an actively shielded superconducting primary circuit ( 21 ) comprising first and second magnet windings ( 1,2,3 and 4,5 ), and being wound e.g. in winding chambers ( 7,8,9 and 10,11 ) in a supporting body ( 6 a ,6 b ) for generating a strong magnetic field in a working volume with a small magnetic stray field and a short circuited secondary circuit ( 22 ) which is inductively coupled with the primary circuit ( 21 ) and contains third and fourth magnet windings ( 13,14,15 and 16,17 ) is characterized in that the magnet windings ( 13,14,15 and 16,17 ) of the secondary circuit ( 22 ) form an approximately actively shielded magnet coil. This permits a simple and robust coil protection for actively shielded superconducting magnets during a quench wherein the superconducting magnet windings are reliably relieved and the magnetic stray field of the entire arrangement remains small.

Actively shielded superconducting magnet with protection means

Eine aktiv abgeschirmte, supraleitende Magnetanordnung (4; 14) zur Erzeugung eines homogenen Magnetfeldes B 0 in einem Untersuchungsvolumen (4b), - mit einer rotationssymmetrisch um eine Achse (z-Achse) angeordneten, radial innenliegenden, supraleitenden Hauptfeldspule (1), - und mit einer koaxialen, radial ausen liegenden, gegenlaufig betriebenen, supraleitenden Abschirmspule (2), ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass die Magnetanordnung (4; 14) aus der Hauptfeldspule (1), der Abschirmspule (2) und einer ferromagnetischen Feldformvorrichtung (3; 18) besteht, wobei die ferromagnetische Feldformvorrichtung (3; 18) radial innerhalb der Hauptfeldspule (1) angeordnet ist, - dass die Hauptfeldspule (1) aus einer unstrukturierten Solenoidspule oder aus mehreren, gleichsinnig betriebenen, radial ineinander gestellten, unstrukturierten Solenoidspulen (15, 16) besteht, - dass die Erstreckung L abs der Abschirmspule (2) in axialer Richtung kleiner ist als die Erstreckung L haupt der Hauptfeldspule (1) in axialer Richtung, - wobei das durch die Hauptfeldspule (1) und die Abschirmspule (2) im Betrieb erzeugte axiale Magnetfeldprofil (5) entlang der Achse (z-Achse) im Zentrum (4a) ein Minimum der Feldstarke, und beidseitig des Zentrums (4a) je ein Maximum der Feldstarke aufweist, - und wobei das durch die ferromagnetische Feldformvorrichtung (3; 18) im Betrieb erzeugte axiale Magnetfeldprofil (6) entlang der Achse (z-Achse) im Zentrum (4a) ein Maximum der Feldstarke 

Kompakte supraleitende Magnetanordnung mit aktiver Abschirmung, wobei die Abschirmspule zur Feldformung eingesetzt wird

An actively shielded superconducting magnet configuration (M 1 ; M 2 ; M 3; 14 ) for generating a homogeneous magnetic field B 0 in a volume under investigation ( 4 b ) has a radially inner superconducting main field coil ( 1 ) which is disposed rotationally symmetrically about an axis (z axis) and a coaxial radially outer superconducting shielding coil ( 2 ) which is operated in an opposite direction. The magnet configuration consists of the main field coil, the shielding coil and a ferromagnetic field-shaping device ( 3; 18 ), wherein the ferromagnetic field-shaping device is disposed radially inside the main field coil. The main field coil consists of an unstructured solenoid coil or of several radially nested unstructured solenoid coils ( 15, 16 ) which are operated in the same direction. An extension L abs of the shielding coil in the axial direction is smaller than the extension L haupt of the main field coil in the axial direction.  2  z 2  B H + A  ( z )   z = 0  ≤ 0 applies for the axial magnetic field profile B H+A (z) generated by the main field coil and the shielding coil during operation along the z-axis in the center at z=0 and  2  z 2  B F  ( z )   z = 0  ≥ 0 applies for the axial magnetic field profile B F (z) generated by the ferromagnetic field-shaping device ( 3; 18 ) during operation along the z-axis in the center at z=0, wherein the z-axis is oriented in a positive direction of the B 0 -field. An actively shielded superconducting magnet configuration of considerably simplified structure is thereby provided with a homogeneous and particularly high magnetic field B 0 in the volume under investigation.

Compact superconducting magnet configuration with active shielding, wherein the shielding coil damps the field maximum of the main coil as well as associated magnetic resonance tomograph, NMR spectrometer and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer

A magnet coil arrangement comprises a actively-shielded first circuit comprising superconducting field coils 1-3, and superconducting shield coils 4, 5 surrounding the field coils. A short-circuited second circuit comprises field coils 13-15 and shield coils 16, 17 which are preferably not superconducting. The field and shield coils of the second circuit lie radially outside the field and shield coils respectively of the first circuit, so that they are inductively coupled, and preferably in thermal contact. If a quench occurs in the superconducting first circuit, stray external fields outside the apparatus are minimised.

Michael Westphal

Papers

Compact superconducting magnet configuration with active shielding having a shielding coil contributing to field formation

Actively shielded superconducting magnet with protection means

Kompakte supraleitende Magnetanordnung mit aktiver Abschirmung, wobei die Abschirmspule zur Feldformung eingesetzt wird

Compact superconducting magnet configuration with active shielding, wherein the shielding coil damps the field maximum of the main coil as well as associated magnetic resonance tomograph, NMR spectrometer and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer

Shielded superconductive NMR apparatus with quench protection