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An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

http://gruberpeplab.com/3131/Kreibig_2010.pdf

Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review

State-Trait Anxiety Inventoryによるペインクリニック外来患者の不安の評価

/pdf/social-psychology-handbook-of-basic-principles-5cncpuwpen.pdf

Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles

/pdf/beck-depression-inventory-iinituitenoyi-kao-cha-3143h0pleh.pdf

Beck Depression Inventory-IIについての一考察

Cardiac responses associated with affective processing of unpleasant film stimuli.

Simple reaction times (RTs) to acoustic tones were recorded during picture viewing in order to investigate attentional resource allocation to threat stimuli compared with pleasant (sport/adventure) and neutral (household objects) contents. Stimuli were selected as equally arousing according to standardized subjective ratings. In the late stage of picture processing threat pictures showed shorter RTs compared with neutral and pleasant ones. In a second study, a choice-RT task was employed, and a wider range of both pleasant and unpleasant contents was shown. Results indicated slower RTs when blood/injury and erotic couples were presented, compared with other threat, and with other positive (sport/adventure) scenes. Specifically, erotic couples require a greater amount of attentional resources compared with sport/adventure; the same is true for blood/injury stimuli as compared with threat. Remarkable differences were thus shown in attentional deployment to specific stimulus contents within the same valence category. These differences should be taken into account when using such stimuli to investigate emotional processing.

Attentional resources measured by reaction times highlight differences within pleasant and unpleasant, high arousing stimuli.

The transition from wakefulness to sleep is characterized typically by a shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic regulation. Physiological functions, depending on the neurovegetative system, decrease overall. Previous studies have shown cardiovascular and electroencephalographic hyperactivity during wakefulness and sleep in insomniacs compared with normal sleepers, but there is very little evidence of this in the process of sleep onset. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiovascular and autonomic responses before and after falling asleep in eight insomniacs (who met DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia) and eight normal sleepers. Non-invasive measures of heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and pre-ejection period (PEP) were collected by impedance cardiography during a night of polysomnographic recording. Frequency domain measures [low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF)] of heart rate variability (HRV) were also estimated. Decrements in HR and CO and increases in SV and HF normalized units (n.u.) were found in both groups after sleep onset compared with wakefulness. Conversely, PEP (related inversely to sympathetic β-adrenergic activity) showed increases after sleep onset in controls, but remained unchanged in insomniacs. PEP was also significantly lower in insomniacs than in normal sleepers in both conditions. These data suggest that, whereas normal sleepers follow the expected progressive autonomic drop, constant sympathetic hyperactivation is detected in insomniacs. These results support the aetiological hypothesis of physiological hyperarousal underlying primary insomnia.

Sleep onset and cardiovascular activity in primary insomnia

Stimulus-Preceding Negativity and heart rate changes in anticipation of affective pictures

Wearable sensors are promising instruments for conducting both laboratory and ambulatory research in psychophysiology. However, scholars should be aware of their measurement error and the conditions in which accuracy is achieved. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of a wearable sensor designed for research purposes, the E4 wristband (Empatica, Milan, Italy), in measuring heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SC) over five laboratory conditions widely used in stress reactivity research (seated rest, paced breathing, orthostatic, Stroop, speech task) and two ecological conditions (slow walking, keyboard typing). Forty healthy participants concurrently wore the wristband and two gold standard measurement systems (i.e., electrocardiography and finger SC sensor). The wristband accuracy was determined by evaluating the signal quality and the correlations with and the Bland-Altman plots against gold standard-derived measurements. Moreover, exploratory analyses were performed to assess predictors of measurement error. Mean HR measures showed the best accuracy over all conditions. HRV measures showed satisfactory accuracy in seated rest, paced breathing, and recovery conditions but not in dynamic conditions, including speaking. Accuracy was diminished by wrist movements, cognitive and emotional stress, nonstationarity, and larger wrist circumferences. Wrist SC measures showed neither correlation nor visual resemblance with finger SC signal, suggesting that the two sites may reflect different phenomena. Future studies are needed to assess the responsivity of wrist SC to emotional and cognitive stress. Limitations and implications for laboratory and ambulatory research are discussed.

Michela Sarlo

Papers

Cardiac responses associated with affective processing of unpleasant film stimuli.

Attentional resources measured by reaction times highlight differences within pleasant and unpleasant, high arousing stimuli.

Sleep onset and cardiovascular activity in primary insomnia

Stimulus-Preceding Negativity and heart rate changes in anticipation of affective pictures

Stressing the accuracy: Wrist‐worn wearable sensor validation over different conditions