Michele Muggeo

TL;DR: The HOMA can be reliably used in large-scale or epidemiological studies in which only a fasting blood sample is available to assess insulin sensitivity and there is good agreement between the two methods in the categorization of subjects according to insulin sensitivity.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the 15-min ITT is suitable as a simple and rapid estimation of in vivo insulin action when glucose clamp studies are not feasible, as in large series of subjects or serial studies.

TL;DR: The main results of these studies are that subjects from the general population with mild to moderate hyperglycaemia, following oral glucose load, but not in the fasting state, showed an increased cardiovascular risk, and trials specifically designed to address this issue are needed.

TL;DR: Modest hyperinsulinemia, mimicking fasting hyperinsulainemia of insulin-resistant states, abrogates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in large conduit arteries, probably by increasing oxidant stress, may provide a novel pathophysiological basis to the epidemiological link between hyperinsULinemia/insulin-resistance and atherosclerosis in humans.

TL;DR: The evidence of an early effect on mortality suggests that prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment should be improved in type 2 diabetic patients and the highest SMRs in the diabetic cohort were for diabetes and liver cirrhosis.