It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international (n = 60), national (n = 99), county (n = 198), club/university (n = 289), and beginner (n = 31) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness.

Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences

Ethical leadership encompasses the personal conduct of the leader and the leader’s expectations that followers behave ethically. Building on social learning and social exchange theory, we propose that ethical leadership interacts with coworker ethicality to predict personnel’s ethical intentions and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Using data collected from a large organizational sample, we use moderated regression analysis to test the main and interactive effects of ethical leadership and coworker ethicality on ethical intentions and OCB as it relates to conscientiousness, civic virtue, and altruism. Study 1 examines how ethical leadership and coworker ethicality interact to predict ethical intentions using a sample of 1,551 military personnel. Study 2 extends the results of Study 1 by examining how ethical leadership and coworker ethicality interact to predict OCB using a combined sample of 3,363 military and civilian personnel. Consistent with social learning theory, we found positive relatio...

Promoting Ethical and Prosocial Behavior: The Combined Effect of Ethical Leadership and Coworker Ethicality

The goal of this research is to figure out the moderating act of ethical leadership on the effects of job satisfaction and psychological capital of employees. The Hotel industry in Northern Cyprus has been preferred with this respect. The study was conducted within the appropriate literature. Research-oriented data collection tools designed and used in accordance with the purposes of the research, research questions and hypotheses are surveyed. The findings of the study revealed the moderating role of ethical leadership (EL) on psychological capital (PsyCap) and job satisfaction (JS). It was also found that the participants were on the idea of working under equal conditions adopted via ethical leadership factors. The current study is a new era for the developmental issues of hospitality in terms of management and it is hoped that it will yield basic basements for further studies.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/21582440211069959

The Role of Ethical Leadership in Psychological Capital and Job Satisfaction of Immigrant Workers: Evidence From the Hotel Industry of Cyprus

It has been several years since Brown and Trevino (2006) offered the opinion that the field of ethical leadership was still uncharted territory; knowing how leaders ought to behave is well explored but understanding how we can predict ethical leadership is uncultivated. This research investigated psychological capital as a predictor of ethical leadership. Study 1 (N = 440) examined the structure and model fit of the psychological capital scale using confirmatory factor analysis. The four-factor model resulted in an equal but more parsimonious fit of data as compared to a second order factor (X 2 robust (246,N=440)= 542.21, CFI = .90, RMSEA = .05 CI [.05-.06]). Study 2 (N = 47) a combined data set of matched leaders and followers were used to examine the relationship between self-evaluated leader psychological capital and follower evaluated ethical leadership. Hope, as measured by psychological capital, uniquely accounted for 7% of the variance when controlling for age and gender (b = .39, SE = .20, B = .52, t = 2.00, p = .05).

Michelle Katharine Berlinguette

Papers

Examining psychological capital as a predictor of ethical leadership