To evaluate the antibacterial activity of 21 plant essential oils against six bacterial species. The selected essential oils were screened against four gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and two gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at four different concentrations (1:1, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) using disc diffusion method. The MIC of the active essential oils were tested using two fold agar dilution method at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 25.6 mg/ml. Out of 21 essential oils tested, 19 oils showed antibacterial activity against one or more strains. Cinnamon, clove, geranium, lemon, lime, orange and rosemary oils exhibited significant inhibitory effect. Cinnamon oil showed promising inhibitory activity even at low concentration, whereas aniseed, eucalyptus and camphor oils were least active against the tested bacteria. In general, B. subtilis was the most susceptible. On the other hand, K. pneumoniae exhibited low degree of sensitivity. Majority of the oils showed antibacterial activity against the tested strains. However Cinnamon, clove and lime oils were found to be inhibiting both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Cinnamon oil can be a good source of antibacterial agents.

/pdf/in-vitro-antibacterial-activity-of-some-plant-essential-oils-115needhff.pdf

In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils.

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22454/3/SUPERCRITICAL%20FLUID%20EXTRACTION.pdf

Supercritical fluid extraction: Recent advances and applications

https://www.cinnamonvogue.com/DOWNLOADS/cinnamon_oil_compounds.pdf

A comparison of chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of cinnamon leaf and bark volatile oils, oleoresins and their constituents.

A wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been explored for their essential oils in the past few decades. Essential oils are complex volatile compounds, synthesized naturally in different plant parts during the process of secondary metabolism. Essential oils have great potential in the field of biomedicine as they effectively destroy several bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The presence of different types of aldehydes, phenolics, terpenes, and other antimicrobial compounds means that the essential oils are effective against a diverse range of pathogens. The reactivity of essential oil depends upon the nature, composition, and orientation of its functional groups. The aim of this article is to review the antimicrobial potential of essential oils secreted from MAPs and their possible mechanisms of action against human pathogens. This comprehensive review will benefit researchers who wish to explore the potential of essential oils in the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules against a broad range of drug-resistant pathogenic microbes.

/pdf/antimicrobial-properties-of-plant-essential-oils-against-37kgibalwu.pdf

Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Essential Oils against Human Pathogens and Their Mode of Action: An Updated Review.

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from 10 commonly consumed herbs: Citrus aurantium, C. limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha piperita, M. spicata, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Salvia officinalis have been determined. The antibacterial activity of these oils and their main components; i.e. camphor, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, limonene, menthol, a-pinene, b-pinene, and thymol were assayed against the human pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest and broadest activity was shown by O. vulgare oil. Carvacrol had the highest antibacterial activity among the tested components.

/pdf/antibacterial-effects-of-the-essential-oils-of-commonly-273ycr1v7e.pdf

Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model.

The antifungal activity of Aniba rosaeodora, Laurus nobilis, Sassafras albidum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oils were investigated against 17 micromycetes. Among the tested fungal species were food poisoning, spoilage fungi, plant and animal pathogens. In order to determine fungistatic and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC) macrodilution and microdilution tests were used. Linalool was the main component in the essential oil of A. rosaeodora, while 1.8-cineole was dominant in L. nobilis. In sassafras essential oil safrole was the major component and in the oil of C. zeylanicum the main component was trans-cinnamaldehyde. The essential oil of cinnamon showed the strongest antifungal activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The chemical composition of some Lauraceae essential oils and their antifungal activities.

Antifungal activity of selected essential oils and biocide benzalkonium chloride against the fungi isolated from cultural heritage objects

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon winterianus. Jowitt (syn. Cymbopogon nardus. (L.) W. Watson var. mahapengiri. Winter) (Poaceae) and Carum carvi. L. (Apiaceae) essential oils were investigated against 19 fungal and 7 bacterial species. Among the tested species were food contaminants, spoilage fungi, as well as plant or fungi and animal pathogens. In order to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), microdilution tests were used. Citronellal and trans.-geraniol were dominant in Cymbopogon winterianus. oil, whereas carvone and limonene were the main components in Carum carvi. oil. The essential oil of C.. carvi. possessed stronger antifungal and antibacterial potential than did citronella oil

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13880200802055917

Mihailo Ristić

Papers

The chemical composition of some Lauraceae essential oils and their antifungal activities.

Antifungal activity of selected essential oils and biocide benzalkonium chloride against the fungi isolated from cultural heritage objects

Essential Oil Composition of Cymbopogon winterianus. and Carum carvi. and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of extractive substances from garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits and leaves essential oils