Mechanical forces associated with blood flow play important roles in the acute control of vascular tone, the regulation of arterial structure and remodeling, and the localization of atherosclerotic lesions. Major regulation of the blood vessel responses occurs by the action of hemodynamic shear stresses on the endothelium. The transmission of hemodynamic forces throughout the endothelium and the mechanotransduction mechanisms that lead to biophysical, biochemical, and gene regulatory responses of endothelial cells to hemodynamic shear stresses are reviewed.

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Flow-mediated endothelial mechanotransduction

/pdf/pathology-and-genetics-of-tumours-of-the-digestive-system-3xy9cwrc3c.pdf

Pathology and genetics of tumours of the digestive system

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play significant roles in regulating circulatory functions. Mechanical stimuli, including the stretch and shear stress resulting from circulatory pressure and flow,...

Mechanotransduction and endothelial cell homeostasis: the wisdom of the cell

https://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072-7515(05)00126-2/pdf

Solid Pseudopapillary Tumors of the Pancreas: Review of 718 Patients Reported in English Literature

Pathology and genetics: Tumours of the digestive system

Nine acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas, 2 pancreatoblastomas, 16 solid-cystic (papillary-cystic) tumors, and 20 ductal adenocarcinomas were immunocytochemically investigated using antisera against four pancreatic enzymes (alpha-amylase, lipase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen), four pancreatic hormones, neuron specific enolase (NSE), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA 19–9. Lipase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen, but no alpha-amylase were detected in all acinar cell carcinomas and pancreatoblastomas. In contrast, solid-cystic tumors (SCT) were negative for pancreatic enzymes but 2 of 16 stained with NSE. No neuroendocrine granules or pancreatic hormones could be demonstrated. AAT was found in all tumors except ductal adenocarcinomas, which stained with CEA and CA 19–9. The study established pancreatic enzymes (except alpha-amylase) as immunocytochemical markers for acinar cell carcinomas and pancreatoblastomas. There is as yet no marker specific for SCT, which would elucidate the obscure histogenetic origin and phenotypic differentiation of these tumors. Cancer 59:729-747, 1987.

Immunocytochemical markers of uncommon pancreatic tumors. Acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and solid cystic (papillary-cystic) tumor.

A clinicopathologic study was conducted on six patients with intraductal papillary neoplasms of the pancreas. The patients were of both sexes and their ages ranged from 64 to 79 years. Three patients had a long history of symptoms mimicking chronic pancreatitis. The tumors involved the main pancreatic duct in the head-body region either diffusely or focally. Histologic examination showed papillary proliferations of well-differentiated, mucus-secreting cells that occasionally stained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9). The proliferations filled the main pancreatic duct, and extended into smaller ducts in some cases. In three patients, the lesions contained foci of pronounced to severe cellular atypia and carcinoma in situ. None of our series or any similar cases reported in the literature has shown invasion into peripancreatic tissue, metastasis, or tumor recurrence after pancreatectomy. Because of their favorable prognosis, intraductal papillary neoplasms should be considered low-grade malignancies that must not be confused with the common ductal adenocarcinoma.

Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study of six patients.

A rare case of splenic epidermoid cyst (SEC) of the pancreas discovered in a 32-year-old Japanese female is reported. The lesion, 5 x 6 cm in size including caseous material and serous fluid in the lumen, was discovered by ultrasonography and computed tomography at the tail of the pancreas and was easily removed. Histopathologically, the cystic wall consisted of three components: the inside was lined by mature squamous epithelium with keratinization, the middle layer consisted of splenic pulp with a sinus structure, and the peripheral layer was dense fibrous connective tissue in which some involutional pancreatic ducts and islets were recognized. The literature about SEC of the pancreas is discussed in comparison with other types of epidermoid cyst including lymphoepithelial cyst and dermoid cyst in the pancreas.

Epidermoid cyst derived from an accessory spleen in the pancreas. A case report with literature survey.

To observe cytoplasmic microfilaments in the endothelial cells of flow-loaded arteries, an arteriovenous shunt was constructed between the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein in 26 dogs. After measuring the flow rates of the arteries, the endothelial layer was examined ultrastructurally with a transmission electron microscope at three different times: 1 week (acute experiments), 2–4 weeks (subacute experiments), and 4–7 months (chronic experiments).

Cytoplasmic microfilaments in endothelial cells of flow loaded canine carotid arteries.

Two thousand four hundred and fifty-four autopsy cases of various mycoses were reported during the twelve-year period from 1958 to 1969. These account for 1.203 % of all cases reported in the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cascs in Japan during the said period.



The results of a statistical survey of deep mycoses in Japan as viewed from findings in a long series of autopsy cases are briefly described. It is noteworthy that (1) there is a nation-wide distribution of mycoses throughout the country, where the most frequently affected organ was noted to be the esophagus for Candida and the lungs for Aspergillus and Cryptococcus, respectively; (2) common mycoses show a trend toward progressive increase in incidence whereas mucormycosis displays a tendency to decrease; and (3) frequently coexistent conditions which underlie secondary deep mycoses, especially leukemia, malignant lymphoma and aplastic anemia, were observed to show a conspicuous trend to diminish in incidence when viewed from ratios to total numbers of autopsy cases of respective diseases.

Mikio Kanda

Papers

Immunocytochemical markers of uncommon pancreatic tumors. Acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and solid cystic (papillary-cystic) tumor.

Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study of six patients.

Epidermoid cyst derived from an accessory spleen in the pancreas. A case report with literature survey.

Cytoplasmic microfilaments in endothelial cells of flow loaded canine carotid arteries.

A statistical survey of deep mycoses in Japan, with particular reference to autopsy cases of cryptococcosis.