Showing papers by "Mini S. Thomas published in 2021"

Estimation of Fault Location Using Cyber Physical System in WAMCP

Abstract: For better utilization of electrical energy, real-time estimation of the power flow is required. To collect this real-time information about the energy requirements, a fast and reliable Cyber Physical System (i.e. communication architecture) is essential. Hence, nowadays Cyber Physical System (CPS) proves to be bottleneck for power engineers. When normal conditions exist in a power network, information provided by relays is sufficient for supervising the functioning of a network. It is during contingencies that power engineers require advanced relays (Intelligent Electronics Devices) producing relevant information to cope with the situation. With the advancement in technology, relays with Global Positioning System (GPS) functionalities such as Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) were developed that can generate the ample information. The adequate data supported by advanced CPS will enable power engineers to provide solutions for real-time applications even under contingencies. Power system contingencies such as transmission network faults require special attention because of associated economic reasons.This chapter presents a robust and straightforward four-step method for locating fault in electrical power systems using PMU data that is collected through advanced information and communication technologies (ICT), from both terminals of the faulted line. This phasor information is sensed and can be transmitted over a Internet of Things (IoT) based medium even from remotely located transmission lines. Hence WAMCP, which is one of the major components of a smart grid along with IoT can be combined to provide a vision of a power-efficient Internet of Energy (IoE). The chapter is devoted to fault estimation application of WAMCP. Various types of faults including symmetrical and asymmetrical are simulated at various positions on the line and distance to fault in each case is determined in this chapter. Two different phasor measurement methods are used for extraction of current and voltage in the form of phasors. The synchrophasor-based measurements are used for calculating sequence components, which are in turn used in locating the fault distance. Solutions for asymmetrical and symmetrical faults are also provided and a method is also tested for different fault resistance values. Results reveal that the proposed method is accurate besides being immune to fault resistance in case of asymmetrical faults.