The recent study focused on the improvement of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface biocompatibility as the most commonly used biomaterial in maxillofacial prostheses for intraoral defects. Biocompatibility enhances tissue-prosthesis integration to prevent implant dislocation; to evaluate the parameter the study conducted at different times of oxygen plasma exposure. Scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy and above all, cell cultivation-as a crucial factor in biocompatibility-carried out to investigate the samples' characteristics. An improved PDMS biocompatibility is expected; referring to the fact that an "optimal range"-not necessarily the maximum values-of surface hydrophilicity and roughness could induce an enhanced cell attachment on the PDMS surface, an "optimum time" of O2 plasma exposure is required to meet this goal. Considering the O2 plasma setup items, the ratio of PDMS components and fabrication process in the current survey, 2.5-min O2 plasma exposure well suited to PDMS surface cell adhesion.

Improvement of PDMS surface biocompatibility is limited by the duration of oxygen plasma treatment.

Background: This study reviewed the current state of maxillofacial rehabilitation in resource-limited nations.Method: A rigorous literature review was undertaken using several technical and clinical databases using a variety of key words pertinent to maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation and resource-limited areas. In addition, interviews were conducted with researchers, clinicians and prosthetists that had direct experience of volunteering or working in resource-limited countries.Results: Results from the review and interviews suggest rehabilitating patients in resource-limited countries remains challenging and efforts to improve the situation requires a multifactorial approach.Conclusions: In conclusion, public health awareness programmes to reduce the causation of injuries and bespoke maxillofacial prosthetics training programmes to suit these countries, as opposed to attempting to replicate Western training programmes. It is also possible that usage of locally sourced and cheaper materials a...

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Maxillofacial prostheses challenges in resource constrained regions.

Prosthodontic management of palatal defect is fundamental to close patient's oronasal communication and improve masticatory function, phonetics, esthetics, and comfort. Maxillary defects are the direct consequence of the surgical treatment of malformations, neoplasms, or trauma. The primary goal of an obturator is to close palatal defects after maxillectomy and to improve speech and masticatory function. This clinical report describes the use of a flexible silicone obturator for the treatment of a 34-year-old patient with partial maxillectomy due to osteosarcoma of the maxilla. A conventional cast partial denture with a hollow bulb made in acrylic was given as a definitive obturator initially, which was not comfortable for the patient. Alternatively, a new technique of fabrication of obturator with silicone to close palatal defect was decided to establish an acceptable phonetics, comfort, speech, and function for the patient. This silicone obturator gets retention by "snug fit" from the defect site.

An innovative sectional silicone obturator in a patient with partial maxillectomy: A Case report.

As maxillofacial defects increased due to cancer; it became necessary to select high-quality prosthetic materials in this field. Silicone rubber is widely used in damaged maxillofacial affected areas replacement surgery as bio material. The aim of this research, prepared a nano composites materials, from polymer blend (silicone rubber: 5% PMMA) reinforced by different types of nano-powders; pomegranate Peels Powder (PPP), Seeds powder of dates Ajwa (SPDA) and TiO2 nano-powders with loading level (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Some physical properties such as density, water absorption, and Thermo-Physical test, FTIR analysis, as well as, FTIR, antibacterial tests were done on prepared samples. The results showed that the composites material based of polymer blend with optimum percent are of 0.2% of pomegranate Peels Powder (PPP), 0.3% of Seeds powder of dates Ajwa (SPDA) and 0.1% of TiO2 nano-powders that have ideal characteristic. Also for antibacterial tests, polymeric blend composites with optimum percent of this nano-powders show that more antibacterial efficiency against S .aureus bacteria than E.coli bacteria. KeywordsMaxillofacial Prosthesis, Nano powder, Polymer Blend, Physical Properties, PMMA, Silicone rubber. How to cite this article: S.I. Salih, J.K. Oleiwi and H.M Ali, “Development the Physical Properties of Polymer Blend (SR/PMMA) by Adding various Types of Nanoparticles, Used for Maxillofacial Prosthesis Applications ,” Engineering and Technology Journal , Vol. 37, Part A, No. 04, pp. 120-127, 2019.

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Development the Physical Properties of Polymeric Blend (SR/ PMMA) by Adding various Types of Nanoparticles, Used for Maxillofacial Prosthesis Applications

Purpose Color matching a facial prosthesis to human skin is very challenging. Colorimeters aid this process by adding objectivity to what is an otherwise subjective procedure. Mobile phone colorimeter applications offer a less expensive and widely available alternative to dedicated colorimeter devices for color measurement. There is a lack of evidence in the literature regarding the suitability of mobile phone colorimeter applications for the development of silicone shades for facial prosthetics. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of a mobile phone colorimeter application for matching natural skin colors during the fabrication of maxillofacial prostheses. Materials and methods Ten pigmented maxillofacial silicone elastomer swatches were fabricated to mimic a range of human skin tones. Color measurements of these swatches were recorded using a test instrument-the mobile phone colorimeter application (RGB Colorimeter) and a reference instrument-the commercially available skin color measurement device e-skin spectrocolorimeter. Comparisons in trueness and precision of the color measurements were made using previously described methods. Data analysis was performed on the recorded results for each of the parameters at three distances (25, 30, and 35 mm) of the test instrument from the target against both a black and a white background. Results The trueness of the mobile phone colorimeter application relative to the colorimeter device varied depending on the distance from the target and the background color. The relative trueness of the color difference measurements fell just within the documented upper threshold of acceptable limits of color difference (∆E 3.0 - 4.4). The calculated precision of the CIE L*a*b* and ∆E measurements of the mobile phone colorimeter application was good, with the latter being well within the documented acceptable limits. Conclusions A mobile phone colorimeter application would be a suitable aid in objectifying the process of color matching a silicone maxillofacial prosthesis. Further investigation into image calibration to improve trueness and the control of variables such as background noise, uniformity of illumination, and measuring distance is required.

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Suitability of a Mobile Phone Colorimeter Application for Use as an Objective Aid when Matching Skin Color during the Fabrication of a Maxillofacial Prosthesis.

There have been constant searches and researches which are taking place in the field of dental materials to best suit the ideal selection criteria to satisfy the functionality, biocompatibility, aesthetics as well as the durability as a maxillofacial material Among all the different materials, Silicone is the most popularly used, but still studies are carried out to overcome their weaknesses and to come out with a material which can be labeled as the "ideal maxillofacial prosthetic material" This article comprises the materials which were and are in use and the reason for their unpopularity It also gives us a scope to understand the major fields where the materials lack and thus needs improvement to render an individual with the best maxillo-facial prosthesis

Mitra A

Papers

Maxillofacial prosthetic materials- an inclination towards silicones.